{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:11:49Z","timestamp":1769731909355,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2022-0042_abs_001\">\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The growth and development of children is influenced not only by heredity factors but also by environmental factors, including nutrition and temperature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth and nutritional status of preschool children in Daxing\u2019anling, the coldest region of China.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2022-0042_abs_002\">\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was performed among preschool children aged 3\u20136\u00a0years by stratified cluster sampling in Daxing\u2019anling. The children\u2019s parents completed the questionnaires. Height, body weight and head circumference were measured, and Z scores for weight for height, weight for age, height for age and head circumference for age were evaluated. Anthropometric data were compared with World Health Organization standards and China\u2019s growth references. The levels of vitamin A, E and 25-(OH)-D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> in serum were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2022-0042_abs_003\">\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 305 children were recruited. The average height of the preschool children was lower than China\u2019s growth reference but higher than the WHO standard. More than half of the preschool children ranged from\u00a0\u22121 SD to +1 SD. Both the values of weight for height and of weight for age were positive and higher than the WHO standards (p&lt;0.01), with a significant difference between boys and girls (p&lt;0.01). The incidences of stunting, wasting, and underweight were 4.59%, 2.95%, and 2.30%, respectively, although the prevalence of overweight and obesity was high (18.03% and 6.89%, respectively). The rates of vitamin A and D deficiency were 7.54% and 88.85%, respectively. Vitamin A was also positively associated with 25-(OH)-D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2022-0042_abs_004\">\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The burden of malnutrition in preschool children exists in cold regions, and a cold climate may be an important factor. Therefore, we should pay attention to the nutrition and physical growth of local preschool children; in particular, vitamin D deficiency should be given high priority, and necessary nutritional interventions should be made.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2022-0042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T17:20:03Z","timestamp":1656609603000},"page":"1020-1027","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluation of the growth and nutritional status of preschool children: a pilot study in the cold area of China"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Nan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, The Heilongjiang Province Key Lab of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , P.R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , P.R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , P.R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengyun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , P.R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lingyu","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , P.R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuezheng","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , P.R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , P.R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023033122070778188_j_jpem-2022-0042_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Black, RE, Allen, LH, Bhutta, ZA, Caulfield, LE, de Onis, M, Ezzati, M, et al.. Maternal and child undernutrition: global and regional exposures and health consequences. Lancet 2008;371:243\u201360, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(07)61690-0.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61690-0"},{"key":"2023033122070778188_j_jpem-2022-0042_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Black, RE, Victora, CG, Walker, SP, Bhutta, ZA, Christian, P, de Onis, M, et al.. Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries. 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