{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T04:12:48Z","timestamp":1749528768450},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"0","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2022-0468_abs_001\"><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prader\u2013Willi syndrome (PWS) is characterized by obesity, growth hormone deficiency, hypogonadism, and a high prevalence of premature adrenarche despite reported hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis dysfunction. While idiopathic premature adrenarche is associated with accelerated pre-pubertal growth and advanced bone age, the consequences of elevated adrenal androgens on growth and bone maturation in PWS remain unknown. This study therefore sought to describe age-related changes in dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and their effects on growth and bone maturation in PWS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2022-0468_abs_002\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective observational study included 62 children with PWS. Simple and multiple regression models were constructed to relate age and BMI-SDS with DHEAS levels. Height velocity was compared to age and\u00a0sex-based norms with t-tests and two-way ANOVA. Patterns in bone age Z-score were examined with two-way ANOVA, and the contributions of age, BMI-SDS, and DHEAS to bone age Z-score were analyzed with multiple regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2022-0468_abs_003\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>DHEAS levels rose earlier and were less strongly correlated with age in males and females with PWS (R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>=0.12 and 0.30) compared to healthy controls (R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>=0.89 and 0.88) in a pattern unrelated to BMI-SDS (adjusted R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>=0.076, p=0.10 for age, and 0.29 for BMI-SDS). Mid-childhood height velocity was increased in males and preserved in females with PWS before declining at the age of expected puberty (p&lt;0.0001). Peri-adrenarchal bone age was advanced in a manner associated with DHEAS but not BMI-SDS (p&lt;0.0001; adjusted R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>=0.48, p=0.0014 for DHEAS, and 0.78 for BMI-SDS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2022-0468_abs_004\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>An obesity-independent increase in adrenal androgens is associated with accelerated mid-childhood growth and bone maturation in PWS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2022-0468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]],"date-time":"2022-12-02T10:04:54Z","timestamp":1669975494000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Premature adrenarche in Prader\u2013Willi syndrome is associated with accelerated pre-pubertal growth and advanced bone age"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"0","author":[{"given":"Lindsey S.","family":"Gaston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics , Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diane E.","family":"Stafford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics , Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Stanford University School of Medicine , Palo Alto , CA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022120618345408290_j_jpem-2022-0468_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cassidy, SB, Schwartz, S, Miller, JL, Driscoll, DJ. 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