{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T03:30:45Z","timestamp":1785036645500,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"5","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 DK007762"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 DK007762"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2022-0527_abs_001\">\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) increases non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) risk and severity in adults, but data in adolescents with diverse backgrounds are limited. We evaluated NAFLD prevalence and characterized NAFLD risk factors in overweight\/obese adolescents by PCOS status.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2022-0527_abs_002\">\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Retrospective study of overweight (n=52)\/obese (n=271) female adolescents (12\u201318 years old), evaluated clinically 2012\u20132020, was conducted comparing PCOS patients to age-matched non-PCOS controls. NAFLD was defined as ALT\u226544U\/L x2 and\/or\u00a0\u226580U\/L x1, hepatic steatosis on imaging, or NAFLD on biopsy, in absence of other liver disease. Metabolic comorbidities were captured. Log-binomial regression models estimated prevalence risk ratios (PR).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2022-0527_abs_003\">\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>NAFLD prevalence was 19.1\u00a0% in adolescents with PCOS (n=161), similar to those without (n=162) (16.8\u00a0%, p=0.6). Adolescents with PCOS were more likely to have insulin resistance, hypercholesterolemia, and higher triglycerides (p&lt;0.05). Those with PCOS and concomitant type 2 diabetes (T2DM) did have increased NAFLD risk (PR 2.5, p=0.04), but those with PCOS without T2DM did not (PR 0.9, p=0.8). Adolescents with PCOS and NAFLD, compared to those with PCOS without NAFLD, had a higher prevalence of metabolic comorbidities including hypercholesterolemia (77 vs. 48 %), T2DM (29 vs. 8 %), and hypertriglyceridemia (65 vs. 37 %) (p&lt;0.01).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2022-0527_abs_004\">\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Almost 1 in 5 overweight\/obese female adolescents had NAFLD, but PCOS did not increase NAFLD risk in this diverse cohort. Among young women with PCOS, concomitant T2DM did increase the risk for NAFLD. Closer monitoring of obesity comorbidities in adolescents with PCOS is essential for optimizing health and merits updating current guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2022-0527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]],"date-time":"2023-04-15T14:50:37Z","timestamp":1681570237000},"page":"441-446","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease increased with type 2 diabetes mellitus in overweight\/obese youth with polycystic ovary syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0124-4643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Namrata","family":"Patel-Sanchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology , University of California, San Francisco, Benioff Children\u2019s Hospital- Oakland , Oakland , CA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Perito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition , University of California, San Francisco, Benioff Children\u2019s Hospital- San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrika","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition , University of California, San Francisco, Benioff Children\u2019s Hospital- San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marissa","family":"Raymond-Flesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine , University of California , San Francisco , CA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Lodish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology , University of California , San Francisco , CA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology , University of California , San Francisco , CA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023050204214803804_j_jpem-2022-0527_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Sessa, A, Cirillo, G, Guarino, S, Marzuillo, P, Miraglia Del Giudice, E. 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