{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T19:44:48Z","timestamp":1770147888231,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01HD062417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01HD062417"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007305","name":"Maternal and Child Health Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U03MC00008, U03MC00001, U03MC00003, U03MC00006, U0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U03MC00008, U03MC00001, U03MC00003, U03MC00006, U0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007305","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2022-0570_abs_001\">\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Investigating empirical relationships among laboratory measures in children with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) can provide insights into physiological alterations occurring during DKA. We determined whether alterations in laboratory measures during DKA conform to theoretical predictions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2022-0570_abs_002\">\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We used Pearson correlation statistics and linear regression to investigate correlations between blood glucose, electrolytes, pH and PCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> at emergency department presentation in 1,681 pediatric DKA episodes. Among children with repeat DKA episodes, we also assessed correlations between laboratory measures at the first vs. second episode.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2022-0570_abs_003\">\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>pH and bicarbonate levels were strongly correlated (r=0.64), however, pH and PCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> were only loosely correlated (r=0.17). Glucose levels were correlated with indicators of dehydration and kidney function (blood urea nitrogen (BUN), r=0.44; creatinine, r=0.42; glucose-corrected sodium, r=0.32). Among children with repeat DKA episodes, PCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> levels tended to be similar at the first vs. second episode (r=0.34), although pH levels were only loosely correlated (r=0.19).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2022-0570_abs_004\">\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Elevated glucose levels at DKA presentation largely reflect alterations in glomerular filtration rate. pH and PCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> are weakly correlated suggesting that respiratory responses to acidosis vary among individuals and may be influenced by pulmonary and central nervous system effects of DKA.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2022-0570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T19:36:50Z","timestamp":1673638610000},"page":"313-318","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Relationships among biochemical measures in children with diabetic ketoacidosis"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Nicole S.","family":"Glaser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics , University of California, Davis Health, University of California Davis, School of Medicine , Sacramento , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Stoner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics , Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital,\u00a0The Ohio State University School of Medicine , Columbus , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Y.","family":"Kwok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics , New York Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children\u2019s Hospital,\u00a0Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons , New York , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kimberly S.","family":"Quayle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics , St. Louis Children\u2019s Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis , Saint Louis , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen M.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics , Children\u2019s National Medical Center, The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences , Washington DC , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeff E.","family":"Schunk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics , University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Trainor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics , Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie K.","family":"McManemy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics , Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leah","family":"Tzimenatos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine , University of California Davis Health, University of California Davis, School of Medicine , Sacramento , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arleta","family":"Rewers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics , The Colorado Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Colorado-Denver School of Medicine , Denver , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lise E.","family":"Nigrovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics , Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan E.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine , Nemours\/A.I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sage R.","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics , Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"McKenna","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics , University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T. Charles","family":"Casper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics , University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Kuppermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics , University of California, Davis Health, University of California Davis, School of Medicine , Sacramento , USA"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine , University of California Davis Health, University of California Davis, School of Medicine , Sacramento , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023033123251295529_j_jpem-2022-0570_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dhatariya, KKGN, Codner, E, Umpierrez, GE. Diabetic ketoacidosis. 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Clin Lab 2021;67:1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7754\/clin.lab.2020.200309.","DOI":"10.7754\/Clin.Lab.2020.200309"},{"key":"2023033123251295529_j_jpem-2022-0570_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turovsky, ETSM, Kasymov, V, Deitmer, JW, Arroyo, AGD, Ackland, GL, Corneveaux, JJ, et al.. Mechanisms of CO2\/H+ sensitivity of astrocytes. J Neurosci 2016;36:10750\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/jneurosci.1281-16.2016.","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1281-16.2016"},{"key":"2023033123251295529_j_jpem-2022-0570_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lau, EMJ, Carino, G. Inhaled \u03b2-agonist therapy and respiratory muscle fatigue as under-recognised causes of lactic acidosis. 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