{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T01:07:11Z","timestamp":1788570431601,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2023-0538_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lingual thyroid is a rare condition that affects approximately 1 in 100,000 individuals. Although it is usually detected in the pediatric population through newborn screening tests or evaluation of congenital hypothyroidism, there are cases in which it remains undetected until adulthood or until symptoms arise because of glandular enlargement. The possible symptoms of lingual thyroid include foreign body sensation in the throat, dysphagia, dyspnea, and hemorrhage. Several cases of lingual thyroid are asymptomatic and accompanied by subclinical hypothyroidism. Herein, we present three cases of lingual thyroid treated with thyroid hormone suppressive therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2023-0538_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The three patients sought medical attention because of a sore throat or foreign body sensation in the throat. Their newborn screening tests and developmental histories were normal. These patients exhibited subclinical hypothyroidism and were treated with hormone suppression therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2023-0538_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with lingual thyroid frequently exhibit subclinical hypothyroidism. Hormone treatment may help to reduce the size of the ectopic thyroid and improve symptoms. If an increase in size is noted during follow-up or symptoms do not improve, surgical treatments may be considered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2023-0538","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]],"date-time":"2024-03-11T05:20:33Z","timestamp":1710134433000},"page":"472-476","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ectopic lingual thyroid with subclinical hypothyroidism in children"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5161-2467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Se Jin","family":"An","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics , 37977 Ajou University School of Medicine , Suwon , Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Hyung","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics , 37977 Ajou University School of Medicine , Suwon , Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Suk","family":"Shim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics , 37977 Ajou University School of Medicine , Suwon , Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9684-4042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hae Sang","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics , 37977 Ajou University School of Medicine , Suwon , Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin Soon","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics , 37977 Ajou University School of Medicine , Suwon , Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024081908520414251_j_jpem-2023-0538_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santangelo, G, Pellino, G, De Falco, N, Colella, G, D\u2019Amato, S, Maglione, MG, et al.. Prevalence, diagnosis and management of ectopic thyroid glands. Int J Surg 2016;28(1 Suppl):S1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijsu.2015.12.043.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2015.12.043"},{"key":"2024081908520414251_j_jpem-2023-0538_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rahbar, R, Yoon, MJ, Connolly, LP, Robson, CD, Vargas, SO, McGill, TJ, et al.. Lingual thyroid in children: a rare clinical entity. Laryngoscope 2008;118:1174\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/mlg.0b013e31816f6922.","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e31816f6922"},{"key":"2024081908520414251_j_jpem-2023-0538_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, H, Lin, YH. Lingual thyroid with severe hypothyroidism: a case report. Medicine 2021;100:e27612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/md.0000000000027612.","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000027612"},{"key":"2024081908520414251_j_jpem-2023-0538_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, SS, Kumar, DM, Thirunavukuarasu, R. Lingual thyroid-conservative management or surgery? A case report. Indian J Surg 2013;75:118\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12262-012-0518-4.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12262-012-0518-4"},{"key":"2024081908520414251_j_jpem-2023-0538_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, SH, Lee, HG, Yang, EM, Kim, CJ. Comparison between transient and permanent congenital hypothyroidism on a thyroid function test after re-evaluation. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2023;28:245\u201350.","DOI":"10.6065\/apem.2244260.130"},{"key":"2024081908520414251_j_jpem-2023-0538_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shreder, EV, Vadina, TA, Konyukhova, MB, Nagaeva, EV, Shiryaeva, TY, Zakharova, SM, et al.. Ectopic thyroid gland: clinical features and diagnostics in children. Probl Endokrinol 2022;68:76\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14341\/probl12876.","DOI":"10.14341\/probl12876"},{"key":"2024081908520414251_j_jpem-2023-0538_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoon, JS, Won, KC, Cho, IH, Lee, JT, Lee, HW. Clinical characteristics of ectopic thyroid in Korea. Thyroid 2007;17:1117\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/thy.2007.0004.","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2007.0004"},{"key":"2024081908520414251_j_jpem-2023-0538_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiu, TT, Su, CY, Hwang, CF, Chien, CY, Eng, HL. Massive bleeding from an ectopic lingual thyroid follicular adenoma during pregnancy. Am J Otolaryngol 2002;23:185\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/ajot.2002.123432.","DOI":"10.1053\/ajot.2002.123432"},{"key":"2024081908520414251_j_jpem-2023-0538_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guerra, G, Cinelli, M, Mesolella, M, Tafuri, D, Rocca, A, Amato, B, et al.. Morphological, diagnostic and surgical features of ectopic thyroid gland: a review of literature. Int J Surg 2014;12(1 Suppl):S3\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijsu.2014.05.076.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2014.05.076"},{"key":"2024081908520414251_j_jpem-2023-0538_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Howard, BE, Moore, EJ, Hinni, ML. Lingual thyroidectomy: the Mayo Clinic experience with transoral laser microsurgery and transoral robotic surgery. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2014;123:183\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0003489414522976.","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489414522976"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpem-2023-0538\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpem-2023-0538\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]],"date-time":"2024-08-19T04:52:29Z","timestamp":1724043149000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpem-2023-0538\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/jpem-2023-0538"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jpem-2023-0538","relation":{},"ISSN":["0334-018X","2191-0251"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0334-018X","type":"print"},{"value":"2191-0251","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]]}}}