{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T23:56:59Z","timestamp":1785455819881,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2024-0341_abs_001\">\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is defined by elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels (&gt;5\u202fmUI\/L) and normal total and free thyroxine levels (fT4). There is ongoing debate over whether mild SCH should be treated. This study aims to assess the clinical course of normoponderal pediatric patients with SCH.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2024-0341_abs_002\">\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Retrospective study, involving normoponderal children and adolescents with SCH, followed at the Pediatrics Department of Hospital de Braga, from December 2007 to December 2022.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2024-0341_abs_003\">\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We identified 47 children and adolescents with confirmed SCH. No sex predominance was found. The median age at diagnosis was 11 years. Most cases were idiopathic (59.6\u202f%) and diagnosed during puberty (57.5\u202f%). The majority (46.8\u202f%) experienced spontaneous remission, while 38.3\u202f% required levothyroxine (LT) therapy. Discharged patients were followed for a median of 25\u00a0months. No significant differences were seen in body mass index z-score, fT4 levels, heart rate, blood pressure, or lipid parameters. Significant differences were found in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and LT dosage. Thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) positivity was significantly correlated with SCH\u2019s natural history. Although initial TSH levels were not significantly associated with SCH\u2019s natural course, they predict treatment need. Individuals with initial TSH levels &gt;6.47\u202fmUI\/L were more likely to require therapy. In the third year of follow-up, a significant strong negative correlation was found between TSH levels and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2024-0341_abs_004\">\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>SCH was self-limiting and benign in most cases. TPOAb positivity was a predictor of SCH\u2019s natural history, and the need for treatment was predicted by initial TSH levels.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2024-0341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T11:20:33Z","timestamp":1735816833000},"page":"120-131","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Short- to medium-term follow-up of normoponderal children and adolescents with subclinical hypothyroidism: a retrospective study of the last 15 years"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Moreira Esteves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine , University of Minho , Braga , Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6468-125X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Aldeia da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics Department , 679485 Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Braga , Braga , Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9375-1425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"Oliveira Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics Department , 679485 Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Braga , Braga , Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3297-9431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"Portela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Pediatrics Department , 679485 Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Braga , Braga , Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olinda","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Pediatrics Department , 679485 Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Braga , Braga , Portugal"},{"name":"Endocrinology Department , 679485 Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Braga , Braga , Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3197-1320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Pediatrics Department , 679485 Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Braga , Braga , Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6277-6037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Antunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Pediatrics Department , 679485 Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Braga , Braga , Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aur\u00e9lio","family":"Mesquita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pathology Department , 679485 Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Braga , Braga , Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1728-9387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Miguel","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine , University of Minho , Braga , Portugal"},{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Pediatrics Department , 679485 Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Braga , Braga , Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025020411462944403_j_jpem-2024-0341_ref_001","unstructured":"Monteiro, AM, Gomes, MM, Marques, O, Antunes, A, Martins, SA. 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