{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:09:44Z","timestamp":1787022584762,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"6","funder":[{"name":"NIH\/NCATS Colorado CTSA","award":["UM1 TR004399"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1 TR004399"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2024-0523_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism is a characteristic clinical manifestation of Turner syndrome (TS). While up to 30 and 20\u202f% of people with TS will have spontaneous thelarche and menarche respectively, there is a lack of evidence to predict who will retain sufficient ovarian function to achieve these outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine if follicle-stimulation hormone (FSH) and\/or luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations measured in infancy would accurately predict later spontaneous thelarche or menarche.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2024-0523_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with a diagnosis of Turner syndrome with FSH and\/or LH clinically measured prior to three years of age and now\u00a0\u226510\u00a0years of age with documented pubertal assessment were included (n=33). Differences in infant gonadotropin values were determined for patients with vs. without spontaneous thelarche\/menarche using Kruskal-Wallis tests. The optimal threshold of infant LH and FSH to predict spontaneous thelarche and menarche was then determined by maximizing the sum of sensitivity and specificity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2024-0523_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of spontaneous thelarche and menarche were 21.2 and 15.2\u202f% respectively. An infant LH value greater than 0.5\u202fmIU\/mL predicted lack of spontaneous thelarche with an estimated accuracy of 94\u202f% and lack of spontaneous menarche with an estimated accuracy of 96\u202f%. An infant FSH value greater than 37.4\u202fmIU\/mL predicted lack of lack of spontaneous thelarche with an accuracy of 97\u202f% and lack of spontaneous menarche with an accuracy of 100\u202f%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2024-0523_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Infant gonadotropin concentrations accurately predict spontaneous later thelarche and menarche for persons with\u00a0TS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2024-0523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T17:50:08Z","timestamp":1745862608000},"page":"607-614","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Infant gonadotropins predict spontaneous puberty in girls with Turner syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2505-8375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Sawyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology , 129263 University of Colorado SOM , Aurora , CO , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1616-8137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha","family":"Bothwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology , 129263 University of Colorado SOM , Aurora , CO , USA"},{"name":"eXtraOrdinarY Kids Clinic and Research Program, Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado , Aurora , CO , USA"},{"name":"Child Health Biostatistics Core, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora , CO , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0513-7308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karli","family":"Swenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology , 129263 University of Colorado SOM , Aurora , CO , USA"},{"name":"eXtraOrdinarY Kids Clinic and Research Program, Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado , Aurora , CO , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Travers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology , 129263 University of Colorado SOM , Aurora , CO , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0304-9550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shanlee","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology , 129263 University of Colorado SOM , Aurora , CO , USA"},{"name":"eXtraOrdinarY Kids Clinic and Research Program, Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado , Aurora , CO , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025053006390452049_j_jpem-2024-0523_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gravholt, CH, Andersen, NH, Conway, GS, Dekkers, OM, Geffner, ME, Klein, KO, et al.. Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome: proceedings from the 2016 Cincinnati International Turner Syndrome Meeting. Eur J Endocrinol 2017;177:G1\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/eje-17-0430.","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-17-0430"},{"key":"2025053006390452049_j_jpem-2024-0523_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gadsb\u00f8ll, K, Petersen, OB, Gatinois, V, Strange, H, Jacobsson, B, Wapner, R, et al.. Current use of noninvasive prenatal testing in Europe, Australia and the USA: a graphical presentation. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2020;99:722\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aogs.13841.","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13841"},{"key":"2025053006390452049_j_jpem-2024-0523_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gravholt, CH, Viuff, MH, Brun, S, Stochholm, K, Andersen, NH. Turner syndrome: mechanisms and management. 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