{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T10:05:31Z","timestamp":1762941931965,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"10","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024JJ5286"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JJ5286"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012269","name":"Science and Technology Innovative Research Team in Higher Educational Institutions of Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202312652001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202312652001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014215","name":"Huxiang Youth Talent Support Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021RC3094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021RC3094"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014215","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2025-0001_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the association between free and total 25(OH)D levels and fetal growth during pregnancy, and to evaluate whether free 25(OH)D is a better indicator of vitamin D status compared to total 25(OH)D.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2025-0001_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 160 pregnant women and their newborns were consecutively recruited from a Jiangsu hospital (March\u2013May 2019). Maternal blood was collected before delivery, and cord blood was collected after umbilical cord disconnection. Serum free and total 25(OH)D were measured by ELISA. Clinical data, including pregnancy records, neonatal assessments, and 6-month follow-ups, were extracted from electronic medical records. Associations between vitamin D levels and developmental outcomes were analyzed using univariate correlation analysis and multivariable linear regression in SPSS 20.0 (p&lt;0.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2025-0001_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Maternal-umbilical free 25(OH)D correlation was stronger than total (rho=0.699 vs. 0.475; both p&lt;0.001). Maternal free 25(OH)D showed stronger associations with early pregnancy femur length (11.37\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.39\u202fmm; \u03b2=2.053), late pregnancy biparietal diameter (82.65\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.60\u202fmm; \u03b2=\u22120.273), and femur length growth efficiency (0.89\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.15\u202fmm\/week; \u03b2=\u22120.289) than total 25(OH)D (all p&lt;0.05). Umbilical free 25(OH)D correlated with mid-pregnancy transverse cerebellar diameter (22.0[21.0\u201323.0]\u00a0mm; \u03b2=\u22120.231) and femur length growth efficiency (0.92[0.78\u20131.05]\u00a0mm\/week; \u03b2=\u22120.224) (p&lt;0.05 and p&lt;0.01). Maternal free 25(OH)D negatively associated with late pregnancy head circumference (330.11\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07.89\u202fmm; \u03b2=\u22129.050, p&lt;0.01).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2025-0001_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared to total 25(OH)D, free 25(OH)D in maternal and umbilical blood may be more strongly associated with early-life physical growth parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2025-0001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T18:24:29Z","timestamp":1749839069000},"page":"1068-1077","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison study of the correlation between free and total 25(OH)D in maternal and umbilical blood and early-life physical development parameters"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9452-7648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhihong","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Health Science Center , 117930 Hunan Normal University , Changsha , Hunan , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Health Science Center , 117930 Hunan Normal University , Changsha , Hunan , China"},{"name":"Yancheng Dafeng People\u2019s Hospital , Yancheng , Jiangsu , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"117930 Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University , Changsha , Hunan , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suimin","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Health Science Center , 117930 Hunan Normal University , Changsha , Hunan , China"},{"name":"The First Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Yiyang , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shibo","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Health Science Center , 117930 Hunan Normal University , Changsha , Hunan , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yumin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Health Science Center , 117930 Hunan Normal University , Changsha , Hunan , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3297-1306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yide","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Health Science Center , 117930 Hunan Normal University , Changsha , Hunan , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guoying","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Health Science Center , 117930 Hunan Normal University , Changsha , Hunan , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Health Science Center , 117930 Hunan Normal University , Changsha , Hunan , China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province , Hunan Normal University School of Medicine , Changsha , Hunan , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Health Science Center , 117930 Hunan Normal University , Changsha , Hunan , China"},{"name":"Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University , Changsha , Hunan , China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Reproduction and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, School of Medicine , Hunan Normal University , Changsha , China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province , Hunan Normal University School of Medicine , Changsha , Hunan , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025111210012227642_j_jpem-2025-0001_ref_001","unstructured":"Kulda, V. 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