{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T21:47:07Z","timestamp":1767908827404,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2025-0028_abs_001\">\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Clinical (assessing breast development), laboratory (FSH, LH, estradiol, and GnRH stimulation test), and radiological methods (bone age and pelvic ultrasonography) are used to distinguish central precocious puberty (CPP) from premature thelarche (PT). We examined also via bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2025-0028_abs_002\">\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), muscle mass (MM), bone mass (BM), total body water, and percentages (%), basal metabolic rate, phase angle (PhA), muscle-to-fat ratio (MFR), sarcopenic index, and segmental body proportions were determined via Tanita MC-780 MA model measuring device.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2025-0028_abs_003\">\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 111 girls, 34 with CPP, 35 with PT, and 42 with healthy controls, were included. Although the baseline weight, height, and BMI SDS of the groups were not statistically different, the FM (%) was found to be lower (p=0.021), and the FFM (%) (p=0.021), MM (%) (p=0.015), BM (%) (p=0.022), and MFR values (p=0.017) were higher in CPP group. In CPP group, right arm FM (%) (p=0.016), left arm FM (%) (p=0.007), and trunk FM (%) (p=0.008) were lower than other groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2025-0028_abs_004\">\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We detected a MFR cutoff value of (2.96) with 58.8\u202f% sensitivity and 58.4\u202f% specificity, a cutoff value of (3.57) with 50\u202f% sensitivity and 82\u202f% specificity to differentiate CPP cases from others (PT and healthy controls). These rates are relatively low, but these are the first results in this field and may be guiding for studies conducted in large series.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2025-0028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T09:25:47Z","timestamp":1743499547000},"page":"599-606","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The diagnostic utility of bioelectrical impedance analysis in distinguishing precocious puberty from premature thelarche"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9724-2369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serkan Bilge","family":"Koca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics , 147026 Health Sciences University, Kayseri City Education and Research Hospital , Kayseri , Turkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3450-9780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tar\u0131k","family":"K\u0131rkg\u00f6z","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics , 147026 Health Sciences University, Kayseri City Education and Research Hospital , Kayseri , Turkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5261-9222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leyla","family":"Kara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics , 147026 Health Sciences University, Kayseri City Education and Research Hospital , Kayseri , Turkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025053006390455610_j_jpem-2025-0028_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kletter, GB, Klein, KO, Wong, YY. A pediatrician\u2019s guide to central precocious puberty. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2015;54:414\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0009922814541807.","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922814541807"},{"key":"2025053006390455610_j_jpem-2025-0028_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fu, J, Zhang, J, Chen, R, Ma, X, Wang, C, Chen, L, et al.. Long-term outcomes of treatments for central precocious puberty or early and fast puberty in Chinese girls. J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020;105:dgz027. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgz027.","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa508"},{"key":"2025053006390455610_j_jpem-2025-0028_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lazar, L, Kauli, R, Pertzelan, A, Phillip, M. Gonadotropin-suppressive therapy in girls with early and fast puberty affects the pace of puberty but not total pubertal growth or final height. J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:2090\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem.87.5.8481.","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.5.8481"},{"key":"2025053006390455610_j_jpem-2025-0028_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neely, EK, Wilson, DM, Lee, PA, Stene, M, Hintz, RL. Spontaneous serum gonadotropin concentrations in the evaluation of precocious puberty. J\u00a0Pediatr 1995;127:47\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0022-3476(95)70255-5.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(95)70255-5"},{"key":"2025053006390455610_j_jpem-2025-0028_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhatia, S, Neely, EK, Wilson, DM. Serum luteinizing hormone rises within minutes after depot leuprolide injection: implications for monitoring therapy. Pediatrics 2002;109:E30. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.109.2.e30.","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.2.e30"},{"key":"2025053006390455610_j_jpem-2025-0028_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Resende, EA, Lara, BH, Reis, JD, Ferreira, BP, Pereira, GA, Borges, MF. Assessment of basal and gonadotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated gonadotropins by immunochemiluminometric and immunofluorometric assays in normal children. J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:1424\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2006-1569.","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1569"},{"key":"2025053006390455610_j_jpem-2025-0028_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brener, A, Peleg, I, Rosenfeld, T, Kern, S, Uretzky, A, Elkon-Tamir, E, et al.. Beyond body mass index \u2013\u00a0body composition assessment by bioimpedance in routine endocrine practice. Endocr Pract 2021;27:419\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.013.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.013"},{"key":"2025053006390455610_j_jpem-2025-0028_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bioelectrical impedance analysis in body composition measurement. Proceedings of a national institutes of health technology assessment conference. Bethesda, Maryland, December 12\u201314, 1994. Am J Clin Nutr 1996;64(3 Suppl):387S\u2013532S. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/64.3.387S.","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/64.3.387S"},{"key":"2025053006390455610_j_jpem-2025-0028_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Demir, K, \u00d6zen, S, Konak\u00e7\u0131, E, Ayd\u0131n, M, Darendeliler, F. A comprehensive online calculator for pediatric endocrinologists: \u00c7EDD \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\/TPEDS Metrics. J\u00a0Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2017;9:182\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4274\/jcrpe.4526.","DOI":"10.4274\/jcrpe.4526"},{"key":"2025053006390455610_j_jpem-2025-0028_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marshall, WA, Tanner, JM. Variations in pattern of pubertal changes in girls. Arch Dis Child 1969;44:291\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/adc.44.235.291.","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.44.235.291"},{"key":"2025053006390455610_j_jpem-2025-0028_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ziqin, L, Qinwei, S, Xiaobo, C, Xiaohui, L. The utility of serum inhibin B, anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone and insulin growth factor-1 in predicting a positive response to GnRH analogs for diagnosing central precocious puberty in girls. J\u00a0Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2021;34:1257\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jpem-2021-0137.","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2021-0137"},{"key":"2025053006390455610_j_jpem-2025-0028_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Milner, GR, Levick, RK, Kay, R. Assessment of bone age: a comparison of the Greulich and Pyle, and the Tanner and Whitehouse methods. Clin Radiol 1986;37:119\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0009-9260(86)80376-2.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(86)80376-2"},{"key":"2025053006390455610_j_jpem-2025-0028_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, SY, Gallagher, D. Assessment methods in human body composition. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2008;11:566\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MCO.0b013e32830b5f23.","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e32830b5f23"},{"key":"2025053006390455610_j_jpem-2025-0028_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shypailo, RJ, Motil, KJ. The use of bioimpedance in pediatric health, nutrition, and disease. J\u00a0Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2018;67:435\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002068.","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002068"},{"key":"2025053006390455610_j_jpem-2025-0028_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ward, LC. Bioelectrical impedance analysis for body composition assessment: reflections on accuracy, clinical utility, and standardisation. Eur J Clin Nutr 2019;73:194\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41430-018-0335-3.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-018-0335-3"},{"key":"2025053006390455610_j_jpem-2025-0028_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng, Y, Liang, J, Zeng, D, Tan, W, Yang, L, Lu, S, et al.. Association of body composition with pubertal timing in children and adolescents from Guangzhou, China. Front Public Health 2022;10:943886. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.943886.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.943886"},{"key":"2025053006390455610_j_jpem-2025-0028_ref_017","unstructured":"Jung-Rim, Y, Jung Hee, A, Kyoung, H, Mi Jung, P. Body composition in girls with precocious puberty. JOMES 2010;19:95\u2013100."},{"key":"2025053006390455610_j_jpem-2025-0028_ref_018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loomba-Albrecht, LA, Styne, DM. Effect of puberty on body composition. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2009;16:10\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/med.0b013e328320d54c.","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0b013e328320d54c"},{"key":"2025053006390455610_j_jpem-2025-0028_ref_019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frisch, RE. Body fat, menarche, fitness and fertility. Hum Reprod 1987;2:521\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136582.","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136582"},{"key":"2025053006390455610_j_jpem-2025-0028_ref_020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Montagnese, C, Williams, JE, Haroun, D, Siervo, M, Fewtrell, MS, Wells, JC. Is a single bioelectrical impedance equation valid for children of wide ranges of age, pubertal status and nutritional status? Evidence from the 4-component model. Eur J Clin Nutr 2013;67(Suppl 1):S34\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ejcn.2011.213.","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2011.213"},{"key":"2025053006390455610_j_jpem-2025-0028_ref_021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wood, CL, Lane, LC, Cheetham, T. Puberty: normal physiology (brief overview). Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019;33:101265. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beem.2019.03.001.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.03.001"},{"key":"2025053006390455610_j_jpem-2025-0028_ref_022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmidt, SC, Bosy-Westphal, A, Niessner, C, Woll, A. Representative body composition percentiles from bioelectrical impedance analyses among children and adolescents. The MoMo study. Clin Nutr 2019;38:2712\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.11.026.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.11.026"},{"key":"2025053006390455610_j_jpem-2025-0028_ref_023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ballarin, G, Valerio, G, Alicante, P, Di Vincenzo, O, Scalfi, L. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) \u2013\u00a0derived phase angle in children and adolescents: a systematic Review. J\u00a0Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2022;75:120\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MPG.0000000000003488.","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000003488"},{"key":"2025053006390455610_j_jpem-2025-0028_ref_024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nyati, LH, Pettifor, JM, Ong, KK, Norris, SA. The association between the timing, intensity and magnitude of adolescent growth and body composition in early adulthood. Eur J Clin Nutr 2024;78:995\u20131004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41430-023-01293-9.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-023-01293-9"},{"key":"2025053006390455610_j_jpem-2025-0028_ref_025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kwarteng, EA, Shank, LM, Faulkner, LM, Loch, LK, Fatima, S, Gupta, S, et al.. Influence of puberty on relationships between body composition and blood pressure: a cross-sectional study. Pediatr Res 2023;94:781\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41390-023-02503-7.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-023-02503-7"},{"key":"2025053006390455610_j_jpem-2025-0028_ref_026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salton, N, Kern, S, Interator, H, Lopez, A, Moran-Lev, H, Lebenthal, Y, et al.. Muscle-to-Fat ratio for predicting metabolic syndrome components in children with overweight and obesity. Child Obes 2022;18:132\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/chi.2021.0157.","DOI":"10.1089\/chi.2021.0157"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpem-2025-0028\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpem-2025-0028\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T06:41:14Z","timestamp":1748587274000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpem-2025-0028\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/jpem-2025-0028"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jpem-2025-0028","relation":{},"ISSN":["0334-018X","2191-0251"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0334-018X","type":"print"},{"value":"2191-0251","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]]}}}