{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T10:05:34Z","timestamp":1762941934838,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2025-0271_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Steroid cell tumors are very rare in children. During the past 25\u00a0years, only 3 cases have been reported in Germany. Symptoms may vary from virilization to signs of precocious puberty and increased growth velocity, making it diagnostically challenging. Due to rarity and the wide morphologic as well as differential diagnostic spectrum, initial clinical features may be misleading.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2025-0271_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We report on a 2-year-old girl, who initially presented with symptoms of virilization and precocious puberty, i.e.,\u00a0pubertal hair growth equivalent to Tanner stage P3. Basal hormone profile yielded 10-fold increased testosterone and androstenedione as well as markedly increased estradiol levels in serum. Diagnostic imaging procedures (ultrasound, MRI of the abdomen) revealed a solid tumor in the left ovary, without any signs of peritoneal dissemination or metastases. After salpingo-oophrectomy of the left ovary (en bloc via laparoscopic surgery, without spillage), the diagnosis of an ovarian steroid cell tumor sized 40\u00a0\u00d7\u00a025\u00a0\u00d7\u00a022\u202fmm producing both testosterone and estradiol was confirmed. The increased serum levels of androgens as well as estradiol decreased toward prepubertal values within 1\u00a0week after surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2025-0271_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hormone-active steroid cell tumors of the ovary are extremely rare in infancy. In our patient, the tumor was classified as clinical stage Ia. We thus opted for clinical, biochemical, and sonographical controls without chemotherapy. We herein present follow-up data until 18\u00a0months after surgery and discuss them within the context of international literature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2025-0271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T10:08:12Z","timestamp":1755684492000},"page":"1092-1097","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hormone-active ovarian steroid cell tumor in a 2-year-old girl"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7399-223X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susann","family":"Weihrauch-Bl\u00fcher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Pediatrics I , University Medicine of Halle\/S. , Halle , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toralf","family":"Bernig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Pediatrics I , University Medicine of Halle\/S. , Halle , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Traumatology and Surgery , University Medicine of Halle\/S. , Halle , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dominik","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine , Klinikum Dortmund GmbH, University Witten\/Herdecke , Halle , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Kunze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic and Policlinic of Radiology , University Medicine of Halle\/S. , Halle , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"Ronstedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic and Policlinic of Radiology , University Medicine of Halle\/S. , Halle , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Fathke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amica","family":"M\u00fcller-Nedebock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center , Leipzig , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Villavicencio-Lorini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MVZ University Hospital Halle gGmbH , Halle , Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Genetics, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane , Neuruppin , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica I.","family":"Hoell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Pediatrics I , University Medicine of Halle\/S. , Halle , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Skinner, MA, Schlatter, MG, Heifetz, SA. 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