{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T18:16:43Z","timestamp":1761848203515,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758758400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100024043","name":"Pediatric Scientist Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100024043","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000897","name":"Cystic Fibrosis Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000897","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2141064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2141064"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32DK007699, K23DK119584, K23DK120899"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32DK007699, K23DK119584, K23DK120899"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2025-0302_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Quantitative glycemic metrics are needed to identify undiagnosed celiac disease in type 1 diabetes and reduce delays in celiac diagnosis. Celiac enteropathy drives malabsorption that increases the risk of prandial insulin-glucose mismatch and hypoglycemia. We assessed if children with type 1 diabetes and celiac disease have lower post-prandial glucose levels preceding celiac diagnosis vs. those without celiac disease, leveraging continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data and a computational meal annotation algorithm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2025-0302_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this retrospective cohort study, children with type 1 diabetes &lt;12\u00a0months duration using CGM, positive celiac serologies and biopsy confirmed celiac disease (n=16) were matched 1-to-4 to those with negative celiac serologies (n=60). Meals were computationally annotated in the 30-day window before serologies. Differences in post-prandial trough glucose and other prandial glycemic outcomes were assessed via mixed models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2025-0302_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Undiagnosed celiac disease was associated with a lower glucose rise from meal start to peak vs. no celiac disease (\u22128.9\u202f%, 95\u202f% CI,\u00a0\u221214.9\u2013\u22122.5\u202f%, p=0.009) and, during the first meal of the day, a lower fall from peak to trough (\u22129.3\u202f%, 95\u202f% CI,\u00a0\u221216.5\u202f%\u2013\u22121.5\u202f%, p=0.02). There was no significant association between celiac disease and trough glucose, meal hypoglycemia or time hypoglycemic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2025-0302_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Computational analysis revealed that blunted prandial glycemic trajectories, not hypoglycemia, are associated with undiagnosed celiac disease in children with type 1 diabetes using CGM. These findings challenge current guidelines, and future studies should validate and integrate these glycemic biomarkers into a CGM-based model for real-time prediction of celiac disease in type 1 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2025-0302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T02:56:15Z","timestamp":1758682575000},"page":"1126-1134","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Continuous glucose monitoring evidence of celiac disease in type 1 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7986-0817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica L.","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics , 1862 Division of Endocrinology Boston Children\u2019s Hospital , Boston , MA , USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5736-0304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa A.","family":"Asaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology , Boston Children\u2019s Hospital , Boston , MA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0960-7849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allison S.","family":"Bernique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics , 1862 Division of Endocrinology Boston Children\u2019s Hospital , Boston , MA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7307-8429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Healey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Health Sciences and Technology , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA , USA"},{"name":"Computational Health Informatics Program , Boston Children\u2019s Hospital , Boston , MA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3615-1666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jocelyn A.","family":"Silvester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition , Boston Children\u2019s Hospital , Boston , MA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8367-8711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Wypij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology , Boston Children\u2019s Hospital , Boston , MA , USA"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6454-6828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael S.D.","family":"Agus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Critical Care , Boston Children\u2019s Hospital , Boston , MA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5063-8470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina M.","family":"Astley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics , 1862 Division of Endocrinology Boston Children\u2019s Hospital , Boston , MA , USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA"},{"name":"Computational Epidemiology Lab , Boston Children\u2019s Hospital , Boston , MA , USA"},{"name":"Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge , MA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025103018011152207_j_jpem-2025-0302_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leonard, MM, Cureton, PA, Fasano, A. 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