{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T11:27:37Z","timestamp":1793964457692,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2025-0414_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine features of physical development and hormonal status in preschool- and school-age children born to mothers with obesity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2025-0414_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A case\u2013control single-center study included a group of 69 children (29 aged 5\u20136 years; 40 aged 14\u201316 years) born to mothers with body mass index (BMI)\u226530\u202fkg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      before and during pregnancy (MO group). The control group included 61 children (27 aged 5\u20136 years; 34 aged 14\u201316 years) born to mothers with steady normal BMI (18.5\u201324.9\u202fkg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). Anthropometric measurements were analyzed using the World Health Organization (WHO) AnthroPlus program. In 59 children, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2), peptide YY (PYY), serotonin, leptin, and ghrelin levels were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis was performed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2025-0414_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We did not find any differences in height among children aged 5\u20136\u00a0years (p=0.42) and 14\u201316\u00a0years (p=0.12). Children in the MO group had higher weight Z-score and BMI Z-score (p&lt;0.001). In children aged 5\u20136\u00a0years in the MO group, serum leptin was higher (p=0.03) and had a positive correlation with body weight and BMI. Ghrelin level was higher in adolescents of the MO group (p=0.03); however, there were no correlations with body weight (p&gt;0.05). IGF-1, IGF-2, serotonin, and PYY did not show significant differences between the two groups (p&gt;0.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2025-0414_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children born to mothers with obesity are more likely to suffer from obesity. However, more comprehensive studies on hormonal profiles are needed, incorporating an analysis of additional factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2025-0414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T12:55:41Z","timestamp":1789044941000},"page":"1118-1125","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Physical development, hormonal and peptide status in preschool and school-age children born to mothers with obesity"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5024-1417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liudmila","family":"Firsova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Propaedeutics of Childhood Diseases with a Course in General Child Care , St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University , Saint Petersburg , Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Novikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Propaedeutics of Childhood Diseases with a Course in General Child Care , Laboratory of Medical and Social Problems in Pediatrics, St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University , Saint Petersburg , Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Evdokimova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Propaedeutics of Childhood Diseases with a Course in General Child Care , St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University , Saint Petersburg , Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Gurina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical and Social Problems in Pediatrics , Research Center, St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University , Saint Petersburg , Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandr","family":"Blinov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical and Social Problems in Pediatrics , Research Center, St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University , Saint Petersburg , Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Varlamova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical and Social Problems in Pediatrics , Research Center, St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University , Saint Petersburg , Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dmitry","family":"Karelov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Propaedeutics of Childhood Diseases with a Course in General Child Care , St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University , Saint Petersburg , Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuriy","family":"Petrenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology with a Courses in Neurology, Obstetrics and Gynecology , St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University , Saint Petersburg , Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dmitry","family":"Ivanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology with a Courses in Neurology, Obstetrics and Gynecology , St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University , Saint Petersburg , Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026110611002034570_j_jpem-2025-0414_ref_001","unstructured":"Obesity and overweight. 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