{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T17:10:13Z","timestamp":1792084213938,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763424000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2025-0442_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Automated insulin delivery (AID) improves glycaemic outcomes in children and young people (CYP) with type 1 diabetes (T1D), but effects on body weight are less clear. We evaluated longitudinal changes in BMI z-score following AID initiation and examined predictors using mixed-effects modelling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2025-0442_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively studied 170 CYP with T1D starting AID at a tertiary centre. BMI z-score was assessed at baseline, six, and twelve months. Predictors of six-month BMI change (\u0394BMI) included demographic, socioeconomic, and glycaemic variables with sensor-weighted glucose metrics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2025-0442_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Baseline BMI z-score was 0.75 (SD 1.27), rising to 0.90\u202fat six months (p&lt;0.001) and stable at twelve (p=0.851 vs. six). Increases occurred in underweight (+1.12, 95\u202f% CI 0.61\u20131.62, p&lt;0.001) and below-average healthy weight (+0.38, 95\u202f% CI 0.20\u20130.57, p&lt;0.001), with minimal change in overweight or obese groups. Mixed-effects modelling identified baseline BMI z-score (B =\u00a0\u22120.14, p&lt;0.001), baseline mean blood glucose (MBG; B = +0.07, p&lt;0.001), and their interaction (B =\u00a0\u22120.04, p=0.025) as independent predictors. Age, sex, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, therapy type, HbA\n                      <jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>\n                      , and sensor wear were not significant. Across groups, AID increased time in range by 15\u201317\u202f% and reduced HbA\n                      <jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>\n                      by 6\u202fmmol\/mol without increasing hypoglycaemia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2025-0442_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AID supports weight restoration in underweight CYP while maintaining stability in overweight or obese groups. BMI change is determined by baseline BMI and MBG, independent of demographic or treatment factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2025-0442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T18:49:07Z","timestamp":1763405347000},"page":"1258-1269","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The differential impact of automated insulin delivery systems on body mass index in children with type 1 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0730-7879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Pemberton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes & Endocrinology , Birmingham Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s NHS Foundation Trust , Birmingham , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes & Endocrinology , Birmingham Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s NHS Foundation Trust , Birmingham , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjanee","family":"Kohli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes & Endocrinology , Birmingham Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s NHS Foundation Trust , Birmingham , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lesley","family":"Drummond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes & Endocrinology , Birmingham Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s NHS Foundation Trust , Birmingham , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes & Endocrinology , Birmingham Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s NHS Foundation Trust , Birmingham , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zainaba","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes & Endocrinology , Birmingham Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s NHS Foundation Trust , Birmingham , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vrinda","family":"Saraff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes & Endocrinology , Birmingham Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s NHS Foundation Trust , Birmingham , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renuka P.","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes & Endocrinology , Birmingham Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s NHS Foundation Trust , Birmingham , UK"},{"name":"University of Birmingham Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences , Birmingham , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Kershaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes & Endocrinology , Birmingham Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s NHS Foundation Trust , Birmingham , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Krone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes & Endocrinology , Birmingham Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s NHS Foundation Trust , Birmingham , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suma","family":"Uday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes & Endocrinology , Birmingham Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s NHS Foundation Trust , Birmingham , UK"},{"name":"Department of Metabolism and Systems Science , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026051215122190884_j_jpem-2025-0442_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aiello, EM, Deshpande, S, \u00d6zaslan, B, Wolkowicz, KL, Dassau, E, Pinsker, JE, et al.. 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Diabetes Care 2023;46:2300\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc23-0504.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-0504"},{"key":"2026051215122190884_j_jpem-2025-0442_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peacock, S, Frizelle, I, Hussain, S. A systematic review of commercial hybrid closed-loop automated insulin delivery systems. Diabetes Ther 2023;14:839\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13300-023-01394-5.","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-023-01394-5"},{"key":"2026051215122190884_j_jpem-2025-0442_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Knoll, C, Peacock, S, W\u00e4ldchen, M, Cooper, D, Aulakh, SK, Raile, K, et al.. Real-world evidence on clinical outcomes of people with type 1 diabetes using open-source and commercial automated insulin dosing systems: a systematic review. 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[cited 2025 Jan 31] Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc23-2311.","DOI":"10.2337\/figshare.25505368"},{"key":"2026051215122190884_j_jpem-2025-0442_ref_031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carlson, NE, Horton, KW, Hokanson, JE, Cleary, PA, Jacobs, DR, Brunzell, JD, et al.. Weight gain trajectories and obesity rates in intensive and conventional treatments of type 1 diabetes from the DCCT compared to a control population without diabetes. Diabet Med [Internet] 2022;39:e14794. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dme.14794. [cited 2025 Jan 31] Available from: https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9174023\/.","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14794"},{"key":"2026051215122190884_j_jpem-2025-0442_ref_032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pemberton, JS, Fang, Z, Chalew, SA, Uday, S. Ethnic disparities in HbA1c and hypoglycemia among youth with type 1 diabetes: beyond access to technology, social deprivation and mean blood glucose. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care [Internet] 2025;13:e004369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjdrc-2024-004369. [cited 2025 Jan 28] Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39863288\/.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2024-004369"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpem-2025-0442\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpem-2025-0442\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T15:14:14Z","timestamp":1778598854000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpem-2025-0442\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/jpem-2025-0442"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jpem-2025-0442","relation":{},"ISSN":["0334-018X","2191-0251"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0334-018X","type":"print"},{"value":"2191-0251","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]}}}