{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T16:24:08Z","timestamp":1783009448627,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2026-0043_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the age at Spermarche in boys with Laron syndrome (LS), a model of genetic IGF-I deficiency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2026-0043_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eight boys with LS and 70 healthy boys with familial short stature followed since early childhood reported the age at their first ejaculation (Spermarche) during examination of the pubertal\u00a0stage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2026-0043_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Spermarche in untreated boys with LS occurred at a mean chronological age of 19.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.1\u00a0years compared to 14.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.4\u00a0years in the healthy boys (p=0.002), but their bone ages were similar: 14.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.3 vs. 13.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.5\u00a0y (p=NS). The testicular volume at Spermarche in the untreated boys with LS was: 5.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.3\u202fmL compared to 10.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.0\u202fmL in the healthy boys (p&lt;0.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2026-0043_abs_005\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Determination of bone age is a practical indicator of sexual maturation including the appearance of Spermarche.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2026-0043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T22:26:38Z","timestamp":1777501598000},"page":"591-593","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Age and sexual maturation at Spermarche in boys with Laron syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4058-5758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zvi","family":"Laron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Unit, Schneider Children\u2019s Medical Center , Petah Tikva , Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avivah","family":"Silbergeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Unit, Schneider Children\u2019s Medical Center , Petah Tikva , Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026070215583361627_j_jpem-2026-0043_ref_001","unstructured":"Oxford University Press. (Date). Entry. In: Oxford English dictionary. Retrieved Date."},{"key":"2026070215583361627_j_jpem-2026-0043_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hirsch, M, Lunenfeld, B, Modan, M, Ovadia, J, Shemesh, J. Spermarche--the age of onset of sperm emission. J\u00a0Adolesc Health Care 1985;6:35\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0197-0070(85)80103-0.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-0070(85)80103-0"},{"key":"2026070215583361627_j_jpem-2026-0043_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laron, Z, Arad, J, Gurewitz, R, Grunebaum, M, Dickerman, Z. Age at first conscious ejaculation: a milestone in male puberty. Helv Paediatr Acta 1980;35:13\u201320.","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-197910000-00103"},{"key":"2026070215583361627_j_jpem-2026-0043_ref_004","unstructured":"Golub, S, editor. Menarche: the transition from girl to woman. Women Health. Toronto: D.C. Heath and Co. Lexington, Mass: Lexington Books; 1983."},{"key":"2026070215583361627_j_jpem-2026-0043_ref_005","unstructured":"Tanner, JM. Growth at adolescence. Oxford: Blackwell Sci Publ; 1962:328 p."},{"key":"2026070215583361627_j_jpem-2026-0043_ref_006","unstructured":"Frisch, RE, Revelle, R. The height and weight of girls and boys at the time of initiation of the adolescent growth spurt in height and\u00a0weight and the relationship to menarche. Hum Biol 1971;43:140\u201359."},{"key":"2026070215583361627_j_jpem-2026-0043_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flash-Luzzatti, S, Weil, C, Shalev, V, Oron, T, Chodick, G. Long-term secular trends in the age at menarche in Israel: a systematic literature review and pooled analysis. Horm Res Paediatr 2014;81:266\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000357444.","DOI":"10.1159\/000357444"},{"key":"2026070215583361627_j_jpem-2026-0043_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chad, JA. The first ejaculation: a male pubertal milestone comparable to menarche? J\u00a0Sex Res 2020;57:213\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00224499.2018.1543643.","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2018.1543643"},{"key":"2026070215583361627_j_jpem-2026-0043_ref_009","unstructured":"Laron, Z. Age at first ejaculation (Spermarche)--the overlooked milestone in male development. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev 2010;7:256\u20137."},{"key":"2026070215583361627_j_jpem-2026-0043_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laron, Z, Sarel, R, Pertzelan, A. Puberty in Laron type dwarfism. Eur J Pediatr 1980;134:79\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf00442408.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00442408"},{"key":"2026070215583361627_j_jpem-2026-0043_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smuel, K, Kauli, R, Lilos, P, Laron, Z. Growth, development, puberty and adult height before and during treatment in children with congenital isolated growth hormone deficiency. Growth Hormone IGF Res 2015;25:182\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ghir.2015.05.001.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2015.05.001"},{"key":"2026070215583361627_j_jpem-2026-0043_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haim-Pinhas, H, Kauli, R, Lilos, P, Laron, Z. Growth, development, puberty and adult height of patients with congenital multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies. Growth Hormone IGF Res 2016;27:46\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ghir.2016.01.004.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2016.01.004"},{"key":"2026070215583361627_j_jpem-2026-0043_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cannarella, R, Crafa, A, La Vignera, S, Concorelli, RA, Calogero, AE. Role of the GH\/IGF1 axis on the hypothalamus-pituitary-testicular axis function: lessons from Laron Syndrome. Endocrine Connections 2021;10:1006\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/ec-21-0252.","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-21-0252"},{"key":"2026070215583361627_j_jpem-2026-0043_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laron, Z. Diagnosis of Laron Syndrome. In: Laron, Z, Kopchick, J, editors. Laron Syndrome\u00a0\u2013\u00a0from man to mouse: lessons from clinical and experimental experience. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011:27\u20138 pp.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-11183-9_4"},{"key":"2026070215583361627_j_jpem-2026-0043_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shevah, O, Laron, Z. Genetic aspects. In: Laron, Z, Kopchick, J, editors. Laron Syndrome\u00a0\u2013\u00a0from man to mouse: lessons from clinical and experimental experience. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011:29\u201352 pp.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-11183-9_5"},{"key":"2026070215583361627_j_jpem-2026-0043_ref_016","unstructured":"Prader, A. Testicular size: assessment and clinical importance. Triangle 1966;7:240\u20133."},{"key":"2026070215583361627_j_jpem-2026-0043_ref_017","unstructured":"Zilka, E, Laron, Z. The normal testicular volume in Israel children and adolescents. J\u00a0Israel Med Ass 1969;77:511\u201313."},{"key":"2026070215583361627_j_jpem-2026-0043_ref_018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greulich, WW. Pyle SI radiographic Atlas of skeletal development of the hand and wrist, 2nd ed. Stanford, USA: Stanford University Press; 1959.","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-195909000-00030"},{"key":"2026070215583361627_j_jpem-2026-0043_ref_019","unstructured":"Wells, J. Growth hormone therapy in pediatrics\u00a0\u2013\u00a020\u00a0years of KIGS. Basel: KARGER; 2007."},{"key":"2026070215583361627_j_jpem-2026-0043_ref_020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Welch, BL. The generalization of \u2018student\u2019s\u2019 problem when several different population variances are involved. Biometrika 1947;34:28\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2332510.","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/34.1-2.28"},{"key":"2026070215583361627_j_jpem-2026-0043_ref_021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruxton, GD. The unequal variance t-test is an underused alternative to Student\u2019s t-test and the Mann-Whitney U test. Behav Ecol 2006;17:688\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/beheco\/ark016.","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/ark016"},{"key":"2026070215583361627_j_jpem-2026-0043_ref_022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Richardson, DW, Short, RV. Time of onset of sperm production in boys. J\u00a0Biosoc Sci Suppl 1978;5:15\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0021932000024044.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932000024044"},{"key":"2026070215583361627_j_jpem-2026-0043_ref_023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hirsch, M, Shemesh, J, Modan, M, Lunenfeld, B. Emission of spermatozoa age of onset. Int J Androl 1979;2:289\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2605.1979.tb00062.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.1979.tb00062.x"},{"key":"2026070215583361627_j_jpem-2026-0043_ref_024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hirsch, M, Lunenfeld, B, Modan, M, Ovadia, J, Shemesh, J. Spermarche-the age of onset of sperm emission. J\u00a0Adolesc Health Care Off Publ Soc Adolesc Med 1985;6:35\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0197-0070(85)80103-0.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-0070(85)80103-0"},{"key":"2026070215583361627_j_jpem-2026-0043_ref_025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nielsen, CT, Skakkebaek, NE, Richardson, DW, Darling, JA, Hunter, WM, J\u00f8rgensen, M, et al.. Onset of the release of spermatozoa (spermarche) in boys in relation to age, testicular growth, pubic hair, and height. J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab 1986;62:532\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem-62-3-532.","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-62-3-532"},{"key":"2026070215583361627_j_jpem-2026-0043_ref_026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pedersen, JL, Nysom, K, J\u00f8rgensen, M, Nielsen, CT, M\u00fcller, J, Keiding, N, et al.. Spermaturia and puberty. Arch Dis Child 1993;69:384\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/adc.69.3.384.","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.69.3.384"},{"key":"2026070215583361627_j_jpem-2026-0043_ref_027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laron, Z, Kauli, R. Sexual development in patients with Laron Syndrome. In: Laron, Z, Kopchick, J, editors. Laron Syndrome\u00a0\u2013\u00a0from man to mouse: lessons from clinical and experimental experience. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011:101\u201318 pp.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-11183-9_10"},{"key":"2026070215583361627_j_jpem-2026-0043_ref_028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laron, Z, Sarel, R. Penis and testicular size in patients with growth hormone insufficency. Acta Endocrinol 1970;63:625\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/acta.0.0630625.","DOI":"10.1530\/acta.0.0630625"},{"key":"2026070215583361627_j_jpem-2026-0043_ref_029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laron, Z, Klinger, B. Effect of insulin-like growth factor-I treatment on serum androgens and testicular and penile size in males with Laron syndrome (primary growth hormone resistance). Eur J Endocrinol 1998;138:176\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/eje.0.1380176.","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1380176"},{"key":"2026070215583361627_j_jpem-2026-0043_ref_030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borate, GM, Meshram, A. Cryopreservation of sperm: a review. Cureus 2022;14:e31402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.31402.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.31402"},{"key":"2026070215583361627_j_jpem-2026-0043_ref_031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carlier, JG, Steeno, OP. Oigarche: the age at first ejaculation. Andrologia 1985;17:104\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1439-0272.1985.tb00969.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.1985.tb00969.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpem-2026-0043\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpem-2026-0043\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T16:13:11Z","timestamp":1783008791000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpem-2026-0043\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/jpem-2026-0043"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jpem-2026-0043","relation":{},"ISSN":["0334-018X","2191-0251"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0334-018X","type":"print"},{"value":"2191-0251","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]}}}