{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T08:27:40Z","timestamp":1787646460206,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2026-0141_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cryptorchidism is the most prevalent pediatric genital anomaly, yet its clinical significance often extends beyond simple anatomical maldescent. While surgical management is well-established, the necessity for holistic endocrine and genetic evaluation remains underexplored. We aimed to characterize the clinical, hormonal, and genetic landscapes of patients referred for pediatric endocrinological assessment following orchiopexy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2026-0141_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively analyzed 99 boys referred for postoperative evaluation. Clinical findings, basal and dynamic hormonal profiles, and genetic results\u00a0\u2013\u00a0including karyotype and targeted DSD gene panels\u00a0\u2013\u00a0were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2026-0141_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preterm birth was recorded in 23.2\u202f% of the cohort, and bilateral involvement was present in 50.5\u202f%. Significant clinical findings included testicular atrophy (34.3\u202f%), scrotal hypoplasia (18.2\u202f%), micropenis (12.1\u202f%), and hypospadias (10.1\u202f%). Hormonal profiling revealed a broad spectrum of FSH (up to 85.7\u202fmIU\/mL) and AMH (0.01\u201371.80\u202fng\/mL) levels. Among patients undergoing hCG stimulation testing, 72.7\u202f% exhibited an insufficient testosterone response. Targeted DSD panel testing in a selected high-risk subgroup yielded a diagnostic rate of 45.4\u202f%, identifying variants in SRD5A2, PTPN11, NR0B1, RAF1, POR, LHX4, and AMHR2. The prevalence of nonisolated cryptorchidism was relatively high, affecting 44.4\u202f% of the cohort. This multisystemic involvement comprised defined syndromic diagnoses (17.2\u202f%) and chronic comorbidities (27.3\u202f%), predominantly endocrine disorders such as congenital hypothyroidism and growth hormone deficiency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2026-0141_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The high frequency of bilateral involvement, testicular atrophy, and genetic mutations suggests that many referred cases represent complex syndromic or endocrine conditions rather than isolated maldescent. Comprehensive endocrinological follow-up and targeted genetic testing are essential for early diagnosis and optimizing long-term fertility management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2026-0141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T07:55:37Z","timestamp":1787644537000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical, hormonal, and genetic spectrum of cryptorchidism: a comprehensive evaluation of patients referred for pediatric endocrinological assessment"],"prefix":"10.1515","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7335-1272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Z\u00fcmr\u00fct Kocabey","family":"S\u00fct\u00e7\u00fc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endocrinology , Basaksehir \u00c7am and Sakura City Hospital , Istanbul , T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8385-4049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emel Hatun Ayta\u00e7","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endocrinology , Basaksehir \u00c7am and Sakura City Hospital , Istanbul , T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9676-7086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasan","family":"\u00d6nal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endocrinology , Basaksehir \u00c7am and Sakura City Hospital , Istanbul , T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026082507553328171_j_jpem-2026-0141_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kolon, TF, Herndon, CD, Baker, LA, Baskin, LS, Baxter, CG, Cheng, EY, et al.. Evaluation and treatment of cryptorchidism: AUA guideline. J\u00a0Urol 2014;192:337\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005"},{"key":"2026082507553328171_j_jpem-2026-0141_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K\u00fcbarsepp, V, Varik, K, Varendi, H, Antson, A, Veinla, M, Nellis, G, et al.. Prevalence of congenital cryptorchidism in Estonia. Andrology 2022;10:303\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/andr.13121.","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13121"},{"key":"2026082507553328171_j_jpem-2026-0141_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hutson, JM, Southwell, BR, Li, R, Lie, G, Ismail, K, Harisis, G, et al.. The regulation of testicular descent and the effects of cryptorchidism. Endocr Rev 2013;34:725\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/er.2012-1089.","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2012-1089"},{"key":"2026082507553328171_j_jpem-2026-0141_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wensing, CJ. 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