{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T07:39:19Z","timestamp":1792654759222,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n Disorders of sex development (DSD) require a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and treatment. Feminizing genitoplasty (FG) is one of the main surgical interventions performed in DSD, although its timing and necessity remain controversial. This study aims to evaluate the perspectives of pediatric surgeons and pediatric urologists in T\u00fcrkiye on\u00a0FG.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A structured online survey was administered to pediatric surgeons and pediatric urologists in T\u00fcrkiye. The survey comprised demographic information, surgical experience, preferred surgical techniques, and follow-up practices. The responses were analyzed descriptively.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n A total of 264 physicians\u2019 responses were collected. The majority of participants (57\u202f%, n=151), possessing varying levels of experience and case numbers, reported performing FG procedures. While 73.7\u202f% of this group conduct fewer than five FG surgeries annually, only 1.3\u202f% perform more than 15. Preferences regarding surgical timing and\u00a0techniques varied among physicians. Follow-up protocols differed considerably, with 49.3\u202f% of respondents indicating the absence of long-term postoperative follow-up. The primary priorities in FG included the cosmetic appearance of the external genitalia (91.8\u202f%), achieving a normal-sized clitoris and vagina (90.6\u202f%), and ensuring functionality (94.1\u202f%).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n There is no consensus among pediatric surgeons and pediatric urologists in T\u00fcrkiye on the timing and necessity of FG. The lack of standardized follow-up protocols and multidisciplinary decision-making mechanisms remains a significant issue. Further research with larger cohorts and long-term outcome assessments is necessary to establish clearer guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2026-0554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T06:57:09Z","timestamp":1792652229000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Practice patterns in feminizing genitoplasty for disorders of sexual development: a national survey of pediatric surgical specialists"],"prefix":"10.1515","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4250-9350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gokhan Berktug","family":"Bahadir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery , University of Health Sciences , Gulhane Training and Research Hospital , Etlik\/Ankara , T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8163-2226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gulnur","family":"Gollu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery , Ankara University School of Medicine , Ankara , T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6591-7168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ufuk","family":"Ates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery , Ankara University School of Medicine , Ankara , T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0560-8720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ege","family":"Evin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery , Ankara University School of Medicine , Ankara , T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0826-3721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatma","family":"Bilgecan Simsek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery , University of Health Sciences , Gulhane Training and Research Hospital , Etlik\/Ankara , T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1281-7416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet","family":"Bahadir Caliskan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery , University of Health Sciences , Gulhane Training and Research Hospital , Etlik\/Ankara , T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9896-0784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilhami","family":"Surer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery , University of Health Sciences , Gulhane Training and Research Hospital , Etlik\/Ankara , T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4870-8361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmet","family":"Murat Cakmak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery , Ankara University School of Medicine , Ankara , T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026102206570048277_j_jpem-2026-0554_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hughes, IA, Houk, C, Ahmed, SF, Lee, PA. Consensus statement on management of intersex disorders. J\u00a0Pediatr Urol 2006;2:148\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpurol.2006.03.004.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2006.03.004"},{"key":"2026102206570048277_j_jpem-2026-0554_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alizai, NK, Thomas, DF, Lilford, RJ, Batchelor, AG, Johnson, N. Feminizing genitoplasty for congenital adrenal hyperplasia: what happens at puberty? J\u00a0Urol 1999;161:1588\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0022-5347(05)68986-0.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)68986-0"},{"key":"2026102206570048277_j_jpem-2026-0554_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mouriquand, P, Caldamone, A, Malone, P, Frank, JD, Hoebeke, P. The ESPU\/SPU standpoint on the surgical management of disorders of sex development (DSD). 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