{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T14:51:53Z","timestamp":1770735113318,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> To identify the risks of sustaining obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI) during childbirth.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Data were analysed from 12,612 vaginal deliveries recorded at Northwick Park District General Hospital, London, from 1 January 2006 to 30 November 2009.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> A total of 85.6% were spontaneous deliveries and 14.2% were instrument deliveries. The majority (64.5%) sustained some form of perineal damage, 3.7% being OASI. Logistic regression analyses revealed the risk factors for OASI to be Asian ethnicity [odds ratio (OR) 4.798, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.998\u20137.679], a maternal age of &gt;40 years (OR 2.722, 95% CI 1.315\u20135.636), higher foetal birth weight (&gt;4500 g; OR 6.228, 95% CI 2.695\u201314.392), lower parity (para 0; OR 16.803, 95% CI 7.697\u201336.685), and instrumental delivery. Forceps delivery posed the greatest risk (OR 8.4, 95% CI 5.822\u201312.151). Not having an episiotomy increased the risk of OASI by five times compared with having one.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> Risk factors for OASI include maternal age &gt;40 years, higher foetal birth weight, lower parity, instrumental delivery, and Asian ethnicity. Mediolateral episiotomy appears to reduce the risk of OASI. Specific variables have been identified for incorporation into a risk-reduction strategy that could be introduced antenatally to evaluate and assess OASI risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2013-0269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,2]],"date-time":"2014-04-02T20:13:59Z","timestamp":1396469639000},"page":"761-767","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Obstetric anal sphincter injury risk reduction: a retrospective observational analysis"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Veluppillai","family":"Vathanan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oliparambil","family":"Ashokkumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North West London Hospitals NHS Trust, Watford Road, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trixie","family":"McAree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North West London Hospitals NHS Trust, Watford Road, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]]},"container-title":["Journal of Perinatal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpm-2013-0269\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpm-2013-0269\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]],"date-time":"2023-03-14T03:25:51Z","timestamp":1678764351000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpm-2013-0269\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/jpm-2013-0269"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jpm-2013-0269","relation":{},"ISSN":["1619-3997","0300-5577"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1619-3997","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0300-5577","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]]}}}