{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T13:10:49Z","timestamp":1762866649240,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We hypothesized that predictive value of traditional Ebola virus disease (EVD) screening in West African pregnant women is low because febrile and hemorrhagic complications of pregnancy that can mimic EVD are common.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Proportions of various categories of pregnancy loss from a hypothetical cohort of West African gravidas were used to construct a Kaplan-Meier curve. The incidence rate of each category was determined by multiplying its proportion by the overall incidence rate, calculated from the inverse of the area under the curve. Incidence rates of Ebola-like illnesses during pregnancy were obtained by multiplying their percentages by the incidence rates of categories of loss with which they coincide.<\/jats:p><jats:p>During pregnancy about 1.5% of suspected EVD cases would prove to have EVD. Most of the remaining 98.5% would have hemorrhagic and febrile complications of pregnancy.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Current guidelines consider obstetrical interventions inappropriate in suspected EVD during pregnancy. However, because the overwhelming majority of cases suspected by screening do not have EVD and might benefit from obstetrical intervention, policy makers must consider whether the small risk to properly protected health care workers from the 1.5% with true EVD justifies withholding potentially life-saving care from the 98.5% who ultimately test negative for EVD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2015-0118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,22]],"date-time":"2015-06-22T17:02:34Z","timestamp":1434992554000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Ebola virus screening during pregnancy in West Africa: unintended consequences"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5067-9176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John E.","family":"Deaver","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wayne R.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"ref41","first-page":"190","article-title":"Caring for critically ill patients with Ebola virus disease Perspectives from West Africa","author":"Fowler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref731","article-title":"Reproductive Child Program Ministry of health and sanitation Nationwide needs assessment for emergency obstetric and newborn care services in Leone ministry of health and sanitation","author":"Leone","year":"2008","journal-title":"Health Sierra Sierra"},{"key":"ref201","first-page":"2015","article-title":"UNICEF At a glance Available at http www unicef org infobycountry sierraleone statistics html Published Accessed on","volume":"15","author":"Leone","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sierra"},{"key":"ref281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2005.03.003","article-title":"premature rupture of the membranes : current approaches to evaluation and management","volume":"28","author":"Mercer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Clin Am"},{"volume":"20","article-title":"Medecins San Frontieres Global bio - disaster response urgently needed in Ebola fight September Available at http www msf org article global bio disaster response urgently needed ebola fight Published Accessed on November","year":"2014","key":"ref701"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1053\/beog.2000.0123","article-title":"the medical causes of miscarriage","volume":"14","author":"Regan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Epidemiology Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"ref711","first-page":"2015","article-title":"Fronti\u00e9res Ebola crisis update th Available at http www msf org article ebola crisis update th january Published Accessed on","volume":"13","author":"Medecins Sans"},{"key":"ref581","first-page":"2010","article-title":"African health observatory Comprehensive analytical profile Leone Introduction to country context Available at http www aho afro who int profiles information index php Sierra Leone Introduction to Country Context Published copyright Accessed on","volume":"27","author":"March","year":"2015","journal-title":"World Health Organization Sierra"},{"key":"ref271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1080\/09709274.2003.11905649","article-title":"OB ST Illegal induced abortion in Nigeria : an examination of its consequences and policy implications for social welfare and health policy makers","volume":"14","author":"Fasubaa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum Ecol"},{"key":"ref571","first-page":"2015","article-title":"UNICEF At a glance Available at http www unicef org infobycountry sierraleone statistics html Published Accessed on","volume":"15","author":"Leone","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sierra"},{"key":"ref381","first-page":"103","article-title":"Ebola virus disease fact sheet No Updated September Available at http www who int mediacentre factsheets fs en Published Accessed on","volume":"15","author":"January","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"ref231","article-title":"Global health observatory data repository summary present Available at http apps who int gho data node country country SLE Published Accessed on","volume":"16","author":"Leone","year":"2002","journal-title":"World Health Organization Sierra statistics"},{"key":"ref291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-199312000-00004","article-title":"ER Chorioamnionitis intraamniotic infection","author":"Newton","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref401","first-page":"2015","article-title":"Bah EI Major DM Clinical presentation of patients with Ebola virus disease in Conakry Guinea","volume":"40","author":"Lamah","journal-title":"Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref121","article-title":"Chapter Malaria In editors Disease and mortality in sub nd ed","volume":"14","author":"Snow","year":"2006","journal-title":"Africa World Bank"},{"key":"ref141","first-page":"346","article-title":"The global burden of typhoid fever","volume":"52","author":"Crump","year":"2004","journal-title":"World Health Organ"},{"key":"ref221","first-page":"508","article-title":"Centers for disease control and prevention National center for chronic disease prevention and health promotion division of reproductive health Estimating the number of pregnant women in a geographic area Available at : http www cdc gov reproductivehealth","volume":"15","author":"January","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"371","article-title":"Ebola virus disease in West Africa clinical manifestations and management","author":"Chertow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref651","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2005.03.003","article-title":"premature rupture of the membranes : current approaches to evaluation and management","volume":"28","author":"Mercer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Clin Am"},{"key":"ref301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.7453\/gahmj.2013.061","article-title":"NM Urinary tract infection as a preventable cause of pregnancy complications opportunities challenges and a global call to action Glob","author":"Gilbert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv Health Med"},{"key":"ref321","first-page":"371","article-title":"Clinical illness and outcomes in patients with Ebola in","author":"Schieffelin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sierra Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref371","first-page":"371","article-title":"WHO Ebola Response Team Ebola virus disease in West Africa the first months of the epidemic and forward projections","year":"2014","journal-title":"Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1053\/beog.2000.0123","article-title":"the medical causes of miscarriage","volume":"14","author":"Regan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Epidemiology Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"ref661","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-199312000-00004","article-title":"ER Chorioamnionitis intraamniotic infection","author":"Newton","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref391","first-page":"371","article-title":"Ebola virus disease in West Africa clinical manifestations and management","author":"Chertow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref341","first-page":"2015","article-title":"Fronti\u00e9res Ebola crisis update th Available at http www msf org article ebola crisis update th january Published Accessed on","volume":"13","author":"Medecins Sans"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0b013e3182516d7b","article-title":"pregnancy incidence risk factors","author":"Marion","year":"2012","journal-title":"history epidemiology Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref451","article-title":"Global Alert and Response GAR Ebola response roadmap situation report November Available at http www who int csr disease ebola situation reports en Published Accessed on","volume":"19","author":"January","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"ref481","first-page":"2015","article-title":"country at a glance Available at http www worldbank org en country sierraleone Published Accessed on","volume":"15","author":"Leone","journal-title":"World Bank Sierra"},{"key":"ref601","article-title":"Global health observatory data repository summary present Available at http apps who int gho data node country country SLE Published Accessed on","volume":"16","author":"Leone","year":"2002","journal-title":"World Health Organization Sierra statistics"},{"key":"ref591","first-page":"508","article-title":"Centers for disease control and prevention National center for chronic disease prevention and health promotion division of reproductive health Estimating the number of pregnant women in a geographic area Available at : http www cdc gov reproductivehealth","volume":"15","author":"January","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref181","first-page":"377","article-title":"National regional and worldwide estimates of stillbirth rates in with trends since a systematic analysis","volume":"30","author":"Cousens","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref411","first-page":"190","article-title":"Caring for critically ill patients with Ebola virus disease Perspectives from West Africa","author":"Fowler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am Crit Care Med"},{"article-title":"Guidance paper Ebola Treatment Center ETC pregnant and lactating women","year":"2014","author":"Caluwaerts","key":"ref421"},{"key":"ref241","first-page":"1","article-title":"of the lower uterine segment Ultrasound","volume":"19","author":"Chie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin"},{"key":"ref461","first-page":"10665","article-title":"Interim Guideline Laboratory diagnosis of Ebola virus disease September Available at http apps who int iris bitstream WHO EVD GUIDANCE LAB eng pdf Published Accessed on","volume":"19","author":"January","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"ref611","first-page":"1","article-title":"of the lower uterine segment Ultrasound","volume":"19","author":"Chie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin"},{"key":"ref541","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.2307\/2991973","article-title":"The incidence of induced abortion in Nigeria","volume":"24","author":"Henshaw","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int Fam Plan Perspec"},{"key":"ref101","first-page":"2015","article-title":"Ebola Data and Data Published Data on new cases per epi week for Available at http apps who int gho data node ebola sitrep ebola country SLE lang en Published Accessed on","volume":"21","author":"January","journal-title":"World Health Organization Statistics Sierra"},{"key":"ref361","article-title":"Reproductive Child Program Ministry of health and sanitation Nationwide needs assessment for emergency obstetric and newborn care services in Leone ministry of health and sanitation","author":"Leone","year":"2008","journal-title":"Health Sierra Sierra"},{"key":"ref01","first-page":"371","article-title":"WHO Ebola Response Team Ebola virus disease in West Africa the first months of the epidemic and forward projections","year":"2014","journal-title":"Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref641","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1080\/09709274.2003.11905649","article-title":"OB ST Illegal induced abortion in Nigeria : an examination of its consequences and policy implications for social welfare and health policy makers","volume":"14","author":"Fasubaa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum Ecol"},{"key":"ref681","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2005.05.006","article-title":"DA Urinary tract infections in pregnancy","author":"Mittal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"volume":"20","article-title":"Medecins San Frontieres Global bio - disaster response urgently needed in Ebola fight September Available at http www msf org article global bio disaster response urgently needed ebola fight Published Accessed on November","year":"2014","key":"ref331"},{"key":"ref471","first-page":"2015","article-title":"Ebola Data and Data Published Data on new cases per epi week for Available at http apps who int gho data node ebola sitrep ebola country SLE lang en Published Accessed on","volume":"21","author":"January","journal-title":"World Health Organization Statistics Sierra"},{"key":"ref511","first-page":"346","article-title":"The global burden of typhoid fever","volume":"52","author":"Crump","year":"2004","journal-title":"World Health Organ"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"2015","article-title":"Bah EI Major DM Clinical presentation of patients with Ebola virus disease in Conakry Guinea","volume":"40","author":"Lamah","journal-title":"Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref351","first-page":"1","article-title":"profile Available at http www who int gho countries sle pdf ua Published Accessed on","volume":"16","author":"Leone","journal-title":"World Health Organization Sierra health"},{"key":"ref491","article-title":"Chapter Malaria In editors Disease and mortality in sub nd ed","volume":"14","author":"Snow","year":"2006","journal-title":"Africa World Bank"},{"key":"ref501","first-page":"327","article-title":"DJ Lassa fever clinical features social consequences","author":"Richmond","year":"2003","journal-title":"epidemiology Brit Med J"},{"key":"ref211","first-page":"2010","article-title":"African health observatory Comprehensive analytical profile Leone Introduction to country context Available at http www aho afro who int profiles information index php Sierra Leone Introduction to Country Context Published copyright Accessed on","volume":"27","author":"March","year":"2015","journal-title":"World Health Organization Sierra"},{"key":"ref721","first-page":"1","article-title":"profile Available at http www who int gho countries sle pdf ua Published Accessed on","volume":"16","author":"Leone","journal-title":"World Health Organization Sierra health"},{"key":"ref311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2005.05.006","article-title":"DA Urinary tract infections in pregnancy","author":"Mittal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"key":"ref551","first-page":"377","article-title":"National regional and worldwide estimates of stillbirth rates in with trends since a systematic analysis","volume":"30","author":"Cousens","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref71","first-page":"271","article-title":"WHO International Study Team Ebola hemorrhagic fever in Zaire","year":"1976","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.2307\/2991973","article-title":"The incidence of induced abortion in Nigeria","volume":"24","author":"Henshaw","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int Fam Plan Perspec"},{"key":"ref441","first-page":"271","article-title":"WHO International Study Team Ebola hemorrhagic fever in Zaire","year":"1976","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"ref691","first-page":"371","article-title":"Clinical illness and outcomes in patients with Ebola in","author":"Schieffelin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sierra Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref81","article-title":"Global Alert and Response GAR Ebola response roadmap situation report November Available at http www who int csr disease ebola situation reports en Published Accessed on","volume":"19","author":"January","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"ref521","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0b013e3182516d7b","article-title":"pregnancy incidence risk factors","author":"Marion","year":"2012","journal-title":"history epidemiology Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref671","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.7453\/gahmj.2013.061","article-title":"NM Urinary tract infection as a preventable cause of pregnancy complications opportunities challenges and a global call to action Glob","author":"Gilbert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv Health Med"},{"article-title":"Guidance paper Ebola Treatment Center ETC pregnant and lactating women","year":"2014","author":"Caluwaerts","key":"ref51"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"179","article-title":"Ebola hemorrhagic fever pregnancy","volume":"11","author":"Mupapa","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"103","article-title":"Ebola virus disease fact sheet No Updated September Available at http www who int mediacentre factsheets fs en Published Accessed on","volume":"15","author":"January","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"ref111","first-page":"2015","article-title":"country at a glance Available at http www worldbank org en country sierraleone Published Accessed on","volume":"15","author":"Leone","journal-title":"World Bank Sierra"},{"key":"ref131","first-page":"327","article-title":"DJ Lassa fever clinical features social consequences","author":"Richmond","year":"2003","journal-title":"epidemiology Brit Med J"},{"key":"ref431","first-page":"179","article-title":"Ebola hemorrhagic fever pregnancy","volume":"11","author":"Mupapa","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect"},{"key":"ref91","first-page":"10665","article-title":"Interim Guideline Laboratory diagnosis of Ebola virus disease September Available at http apps who int iris bitstream WHO EVD GUIDANCE LAB eng pdf Published Accessed on","volume":"19","author":"January","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Health Organization"}],"container-title":["Journal of Perinatal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpm-2015-0118\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]],"date-time":"2021-04-22T01:32:26Z","timestamp":1619055146000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpm-2015-0118\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jpm-2015-0118","relation":{},"ISSN":["1619-3997","0300-5577"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1619-3997"},{"type":"print","value":"0300-5577"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]}}}