{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T01:52:05Z","timestamp":1770515525997,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine if intrauterine intraumbilical supplementation with amino acids (AA) and glucose can improve neonatal outcome of severe growth restricted human fetuses (IUGR).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective pilot study of intrauterine treatment of severe IUGR fetuses [n=14, 27 weeks of gestation (range 23\u201331)] with cerebroplacental ratio &lt;1, with long-term intraumbilical AA and glucose supplementation (10% of feto-placental blood volume\/day) using a perinatal port system alone (n=5) or combined with hyperbaric oxygenation (n=1, HBO) vs. control group (n=8).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The duration of continuous intraumbilical AA\/glucose supplementation was 11 (6\u201313) days. Daily intravascular fetal nutrition significantly prolonged the brain sparing to delivery interval by 24 (14\u201333) days vs. 5.6 (2\u201312) days in controls. Fetal nutrition reduced blood flow resistance in the placental circulation but did not affect the Doppler profile of cerebral arteries. Higher weight gain of 113.5 (36\u2013539) g was observed following supplementation compared to 33.3 (8\u201398) g in the control group (P&lt;0.05). In spite of this, fetuses below 28 weeks of gestation did not sufficiently benefit from infused commercial AA. We found a reduced fetal plasma concentration of the essential AA histidine, threonine, lysine and arginine, and non-essential AA taurine, in severe IUGR fetuses in both groups. Long-term supplementation with a commercial AA formula led to a slight, but not significant, reduction of histidine, threonine, lysine, arginine, asparagine and glutamine. However, the concentration of tryptophan and glutamic acid slightly increased. HBO can be combined with AA supplementation via a port system. In one case, the port system was also successfully used for fetal blood transfusion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intravascular treatment of IUGR with fetal nutrition can prolong pregnancy with severe placental insufficiency and brain sparing for many weeks. However, rather than normalizing AA concentrations, an enhanced AA imbalance was observed in IUGR fetuses following supplementation. These deviations in AA concentrations prevent the recommendation for use of commercial AA solutions for prenatal treatment of extreme preterm IUGR fetuses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2016-0155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,20]],"date-time":"2016-09-20T09:51:57Z","timestamp":1474365117000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The effect of intraumbilical fetal nutrition via a subcutaneously implanted port system on amino acid concentration by severe IUGR human fetuses"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Tchirikov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhaxybay Sh.","family":"Zhumadilov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gauri","family":"Bapayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Bergner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Entezami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"ref351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0950115","article-title":"In utero programming of chronic disease","volume":"95","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"ref521","first-page":"72","article-title":"Balancing the risks and benefits of parenteral nutrition for preterm infants: can we define the optimal composition?","volume":"100","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed."},{"key":"ref271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-23941-0_11","volume-title":"Pathology of the human placenta","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref201","first-page":"323","volume-title":"The liver: Bioplogy and Pathobiology","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1053\/plac.2000.0585","article-title":"Obstruction of ductus venosus stimulates cell proliferation in fetal organs","volume":"22","year":"2001","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref531","first-page":"299","article-title":"The effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on lipid peroxidation of pregnant rabbits and their fetus during late pregnancy","volume":"33","year":"2006","journal-title":"Undersea Hyperb Med"},{"key":"ref131","first-page":"1219","article-title":"Plasma amino acids in appropriate- and small-for-gestational-age fetuses","volume":"61","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.13190","article-title":"TRUFFLE Group. 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