{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T08:20:13Z","timestamp":1765268413534},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2016-0378_s_999_w2aab3b7c43b1b6b1aab1c15b1Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To investigate the relationships among different forms of violence before and during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2016-0378_s_998_w2aab3b7c43b1b6b1aab1c15b2Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Material and methods:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>An anonymous questionnaire (adapted NorAQ) was given to 1269 women after childbirth.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2016-0378_s_997_w2aab3b7c43b1b6b1aab1c15b3Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The response rate was 80% (n=1018). Different forms of violence were experienced by 46.9% of the women; 9.2% reported violence in pregnancy. Suffering from the consequences of violence was reported by 43.8% of the women; sexual (76.6%) and psychological (54.1%) ranked the highest. Past experience of any form of violence increased the risk of violence in pregnancy, violences experienced in adulthood even more than that in childhood [odds ratio (OR) 4.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.7\u20136.5 vs. OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2\u20132.9]. The onset of violence during pregnancy is rare. Violence was most frequently exerted by the intimate partner.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2016-0378_s_996_w2aab3b7c43b1b6b1aab1c15b4Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Healthcare systems have access to most women of reproductive age, thus they have the unique opportunity to identify and adequately manage violence against women and its consequences.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2016-0378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,10]],"date-time":"2017-02-10T10:03:15Z","timestamp":1486720995000},"page":"29-33","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Violence before pregnancy and the risk of violence during pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Vislava","family":"Globevnik Velikonja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Perinatology, Clinical Psychology Service, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University Medical Centre , Ljubljana , Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miha","family":"Lu\u010dovnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Perinatology, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University Medical Centre , Ljubljana , Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Premru Sr\u0161en","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Perinatology, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University Medical Centre , Ljubljana , Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vesna","family":"Lesko\u0161ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Social Sciences , University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megie","family":"Krajnc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Perinatology, Clinical Psychology Service, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University Medical Centre , Ljubljana , Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucija","family":"Pav\u0161e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Perinatology, Clinical Psychology Service, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University Medical Centre , Ljubljana , Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Verdenik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Perinatology, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University Medical Centre , Ljubljana , Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natasa","family":"Tul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Perinatology, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University Medical Centre , Ljubljana , Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isaac","family":"Blickstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot \u2013 76100 , Israel affiliated with the Hadassah-Hebrew University school of Medicine , Jerusalem , Israel , Tel.: + 972-545-201789, Fax: + 972-89411944"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023033122245924976_j_jpm-2016-0378_ref_001_w2aab3b7c43b1b6b1ab2b1b1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amaro H, Fried LE, Cabral H, Zuckerman B. 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