{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:09:44Z","timestamp":1787022584702,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The purpose was to evaluate the association between maternal characteristics, obstetrical interventions\/complications and postpartum wound infections (WI), urinary tract infection (UTI) and endometritis. Furthermore, this study aimed to determine the time from delivery to onset of infections after discharge from the hospital. Three large Swedish Medical Health Registers were scrutinized for the period 2005\u20132012. A total of 582,576 women had 795,072 deliveries. Women with diagnosis codes for WIs, UTIs or endometritis, from delivery to 8 weeks postpartum, were compared to non-infected women. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. Increasing age and body mass index (BMI) were both associated with increasing prevalence of postpartum infections. WIs were most strongly associated with cesarean section (CS) (OR 17.2; 95%CI 16.1\u201318.3), 3\n                    <jats:sup>rd<\/jats:sup>\n                    and 4\n                    <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                    degree tears (OR 10.7%; 95%CI 9.80\u201311.9) and episiotomy (OR 10.2; 95%CI 8.94\u201311.5). Endometritis was associated with anemia (OR 3.16; 95%CI 3.01\u20133.31) and manual placental removal (OR 2.72; 95%CI 2.51\u20132.95). UTI was associated with emergency CS (OR 3.46; 95%CI 3.07\u20133.89) and instrumental delivery (OR 3.70; 95%CI 3.29\u20134.16). For women discharged from the delivery hospital the peak occurrence of UTI was 6 days postpartum, while for WIs and endometritis it was 7 days postpartum.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2016-0389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,30]],"date-time":"2017-06-30T04:37:04Z","timestamp":1498797424000},"page":"271-278","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Postpartum infection in relation to maternal characteristics, obstetric interventions and complications"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Axelsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Brynhildsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4679-550X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie","family":"Blomberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1067\/S0002-9378(03)00767-1","article-title":"Meconium-stained amniotic fluid is associated with puerperal infections","volume":"189","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref301","first-page":"942","article-title":"Serious maternal morbidity after childbirth: prolonged hospital stays and readmissions","volume":"94","year":"1999","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref461","first-page":"79","article-title":"Cotinine validation of self-reported smoking during pregnancy in the swedish medical birth register","volume":"18","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"ref281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12008","article-title":"Postpartum infections: occurrence, healthcare contacts and association with breastfeeding","volume":"91","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"ref351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.3109\/01443615.2012.731453","article-title":"Estimating risk factors and causes for postpartum febrile morbidity in teenage mothers","volume":"33","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"ref491","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1294","article-title":"The new Swedish Prescribed Drug Register \u2013 opportunities for pharmacoepidemiological research and experience from the first six months","volume":"16","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0705.010511","article-title":"Epidemiology of and surveillance for postpartum infections","volume":"7","year":"2001","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0705.010511","article-title":"Epidemiology of and surveillance for postpartum infections","volume":"7","year":"2001","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.12119","article-title":"Puerperal infections of the genital tract: a clinical review","volume":"58","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Midwifery Womens Health"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.03.040","article-title":"Infectious morbidity is higher after second-stage compared with first-stage cesareans","volume":"211","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340903147405","article-title":"Risk of selected postpartum infections after cesarean section compared with vaginal birth: a five-year cohort study of 32,468 women","volume":"88","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"ref441","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2010.05.001","article-title":"Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of gynecologic surgical site infections","volume":"37","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obstet and Gynecol Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-0997(2000)8:2<77::AID-IDOG3>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical significance of postpartum endometritis and wound infection","volume":"8","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmwh.2008.01.007","article-title":"Postpregnancy genital tract and wound infections","volume":"53","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Midwifery Womens Health"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12008","article-title":"Postpartum infections: occurrence, healthcare contacts and association with breastfeeding","volume":"91","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"ref201","first-page":"79","article-title":"Cotinine validation of self-reported smoking during pregnancy in the swedish medical birth register","volume":"18","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"942","article-title":"Serious maternal morbidity after childbirth: prolonged hospital stays and readmissions","volume":"94","year":"1999","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050802127554","article-title":"Labor as a bacteriuric event-assessment and risk factors","volume":"21","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"ref311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125S","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(91)90357-4","article-title":"Automated postdischarge surveillance for postpartum and neonatal nosocomial infections","volume":"91","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref481","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-450","article-title":"External review and validation of the Swedish national inpatient register","volume":"11","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2010.05.001","article-title":"Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of gynecologic surgical site infections","volume":"37","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obstet and Gynecol Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref431","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050802127554","article-title":"Labor as a bacteriuric event-assessment and risk factors","volume":"21","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0412.2002.811103.x","article-title":"Bacterial vaginosis in early pregnancy may predispose for preterm birth and postpartum endometritis","volume":"81","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"ref291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/173.4.963","article-title":"Surgical site infections occurring after hospital discharge","volume":"173","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.03.040","article-title":"Infectious morbidity is higher after second-stage compared with first-stage cesareans","volume":"211","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.09.030","article-title":"Accuracy of administrative data for identification of patients with infective endocarditis","volume":"224","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(95)00327-N","article-title":"The association between manual removal of the placenta and postpartum endometritis following vaginal delivery","volume":"86","year":"1995","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref241","first-page":"719","article-title":"Statistical aspects of the analyses of data from retrospective studies of disease","volume":"22","year":"1959","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000124568.71597.ce","article-title":"Maternal morbidity associated with vaginal versus cesarean delivery","volume":"103","year":"2004","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.12119","article-title":"Puerperal infections of the genital tract: a clinical review","volume":"58","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Midwifery Womens Health"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ogx.0000265998.40912.5e","article-title":"Puerperal pyrexia: a review. Part I.","volume":"62","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv."},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-450","article-title":"External review and validation of the Swedish national inpatient register","volume":"11","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1294","article-title":"The new Swedish Prescribed Drug Register \u2013 opportunities for pharmacoepidemiological research and experience from the first six months","volume":"16","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"ref401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmwh.2008.01.007","article-title":"Postpregnancy genital tract and wound infections","volume":"53","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Midwifery Womens Health"},{"key":"ref331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340903147405","article-title":"Risk of selected postpartum infections after cesarean section compared with vaginal birth: a five-year cohort study of 32,468 women","volume":"88","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"ref151","first-page":"367","article-title":"Risk factors for postcesarean surgical site infection","volume":"95","year":"2000","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.3109\/01443615.2012.731453","article-title":"Estimating risk factors and causes for postpartum febrile morbidity in teenage mothers","volume":"33","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"ref421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1067\/S0002-9378(03)00767-1","article-title":"Meconium-stained amniotic fluid is associated with puerperal infections","volume":"189","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0412.2002.811103.x","article-title":"Bacterial vaginosis in early pregnancy may predispose for preterm birth and postpartum endometritis","volume":"81","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"ref361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000124568.71597.ce","article-title":"Maternal morbidity associated with vaginal versus cesarean delivery","volume":"103","year":"2004","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref501","first-page":"719","article-title":"Statistical aspects of the analyses of data from retrospective studies of disease","volume":"22","year":"1959","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"ref371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000833","article-title":"Wound complications after obstetric anal sphincter injuries","volume":"125","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref411","first-page":"367","article-title":"Risk factors for postcesarean surgical site infection","volume":"95","year":"2000","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(95)00327-N","article-title":"The association between manual removal of the placenta and postpartum endometritis following vaginal delivery","volume":"86","year":"1995","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.09.030","article-title":"Accuracy of administrative data for identification of patients with infective endocarditis","volume":"224","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-0997(2000)8:2<77::AID-IDOG3>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical significance of postpartum endometritis and wound infection","volume":"8","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000833","article-title":"Wound complications after obstetric anal sphincter injuries","volume":"125","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/173.4.963","article-title":"Surgical site infections occurring after hospital discharge","volume":"173","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125S","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(91)90357-4","article-title":"Automated postdischarge surveillance for postpartum and neonatal nosocomial infections","volume":"91","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ogx.0000265998.40912.5e","article-title":"Puerperal pyrexia: a review. Part I.","volume":"62","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv."}],"container-title":["Journal of Perinatal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/view\/j\/jpme.2018.46.issue-3\/jpm-2016-0389\/jpm-2016-0389.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpm-2016-0389\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T21:34:16Z","timestamp":1619040856000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpm-2016-0389\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jpm-2016-0389","relation":{},"ISSN":["1619-3997","0300-5577"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1619-3997","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0300-5577","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]]}}}