{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T12:24:02Z","timestamp":1773923042633,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2016-0429_s_999\"><jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the effect of the degree of female genital cutting (FGC) performed by health-care professionals on perineal scarring; delivery mode; duration of second stage of labor; incidence of perineal tears and episiotomy in a cohort of uncircumcised versus circumcised (types I and II) women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2016-0429_s_998\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective cohort study included 450 primigravida women in active labor attending the Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Hospital between January 2013 and August 2014. Women were divided into three groups based on medical examination upon admission. Group I (Control) included 150 uncut women, Group II included 150 women with type I FGC and Group III included 150 women with type II FGC. A structured questionnaire elicited the information on women\u2019s socio-demographic characteristics including age, residence, occupation, educational level, age of marriage and FGC circumstances. Association between FGC and labor complications was examined. Main outcomes: risk of perineal scarring; delivery mode; duration of second stage of labor; incidence of perineal tears and episiotomy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2016-0429_s_997\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Family history of genitally cut mother\/sister was the most significant socio-demographic factor associated with FGC. FGC especially type II was associated with significantly higher incidence of vulvar scar (P&lt;0.0002), perineal tears (P&lt;0.0001) and increased likelihood of additional vaginal and perineal trauma [odds ratio (OR): 1.85, 95% CI: 0.60\u20135.65. P\u22640.001]. There was insignificant difference in risks of cesarean section (CS), instrumental delivery, episiotomy and short-term neonatal outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2016-0429_s_996\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study strengthens the evidence that FGC increases the risk of tears in spite of medicalization of the practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2016-0429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,28]],"date-time":"2017-07-28T10:07:53Z","timestamp":1501236473000},"page":"419-424","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Effect of female genital cutting performed by health care professionals on labor complications in Egyptian women: a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Wael F.","family":"Saleh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt"},{"name":"As-Salam International Hospital , Cairo , Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haitham A.","family":"Torky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"As-Salam International Hospital , Cairo , Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Faculty of Medicine , Sixth of October University , Cairo , Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"Youssef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wael S.","family":"Ragab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Faculty of Medicine , Fayoum University , Fayoum , Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed A. Sayed","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Faculty of Medicine , Beni Suef University , Beni Suef , Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashraf","family":"Eldaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022012815324266872_j_jpm-2016-0429_ref_001","unstructured":"WHO. Female genital mutilation: an overview. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1998."},{"key":"2022012815324266872_j_jpm-2016-0429_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wines. Female circumcision is curbed in Egypt. Br Med J. 1996;313:249.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.313.7052.249"},{"key":"2022012815324266872_j_jpm-2016-0429_ref_003","unstructured":"DHS. 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