{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T22:21:26Z","timestamp":1778538086439,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2017-0102_s_999_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1aab1c15b1Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To assess the effect of maternal age, height, early pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and ethnicity on birth weight.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2017-0102_s_998_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1aab1c15b2Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Subjects and methods:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted on more than 42,000 newborns. Ethnicity was defined by maternal country of birth or, when missing (&lt;0.6% of records), by citizenship. The effect of maternal characteristics on birth weight was evaluated with general linear models.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2017-0102_s_997_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1aab1c15b3Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Maternal height and BMI, although not age, significantly affected birth weight. Among Italian babies, 4.7% of newborns were classified as appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) (birth weight between the 10<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> and the 90<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> centile) according to the country-specific Italian Neonatal Study (INeS) charts and were re-classified as either large-(LGA) (birth weight &gt;90<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> centile) or small-(SGA) (birth weight &lt;10<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> centile) for gestational age (GA) after adjustment for maternal characteristics. On the contrary, 1.6% of Italian newborns were classified as SGA or LGA according to the INeS charts and re-classified as AGA after adjustment. Maternal ethnicity had a significant impact on birth weight. Specifically, babies born to Senegalese mothers were the lightest, whilst babies born to Chinese mothers were the heaviest.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2017-0102_s_996_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1aab1c15b4Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Maternal height and early pregnancy BMI, should be considered in the evaluation of birth weight. The effect of ethnicity suggests the appropriateness of ethnic-specific charts. Further studies are necessary to determine if changes in birth weight classification, may translate into improved detection of subjects at risk of adverse outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2017-0102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,19]],"date-time":"2017-12-19T22:47:25Z","timestamp":1513723645000},"page":"1016-1021","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Effect of maternal age, height, BMI and ethnicity on birth weight: an Italian multicenter study"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7042-797X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Spada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Turin , Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Neonatology Unit , Torino , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Chiossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Medical Branch , Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Galveston, TX , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Coscia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Turin , Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Neonatology Unit , Torino , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Monari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Obstetric Unit, Mother-Infant Department , Modena , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Facchinetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Obstetric Unit, Mother-Infant Department , Modena , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021021320254653259_j_jpm-2017-0102_ref_001_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1ab2b1b1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McIntire DD, Bloom SL, Casey BM, Leveno KJ. Birth weight in relation to morbidity and mortality among newborn infants. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:1234\u20138.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199904223401603"},{"key":"2021021320254653259_j_jpm-2017-0102_ref_002_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1ab2b1b2Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ozanne SE, Fernandez-Twinn D, Hales CN. Fetal growth and adult diseases. Semin Perinatol. 2004;28:81\u20137.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2003.10.015"},{"key":"2021021320254653259_j_jpm-2017-0102_ref_003_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1ab2b1b3Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kajantie E, Osmond C, Barker DJP, Fors\u00e9n T, Phillips DIW, Eriksson JG. Size at birth as a predictor of mortality in adulthood: a follow-up of 350 000 person-years. Int J Epidemiol. 2005;34:655\u201363.","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyi048"},{"key":"2021021320254653259_j_jpm-2017-0102_ref_004_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1ab2b1b4Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hadlock FP, Harrist RB, Martinez-Poyer J. In utero analysis of fetal growth: a sonographic weight standard. Radiology. 1991;181:129\u201333.","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.181.1.1887021"},{"key":"2021021320254653259_j_jpm-2017-0102_ref_005_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1ab2b1b5Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alexander GR, Himes JH, Kaufman RB, Mor J, Kogan M. A United States national reference for fetal growth. Obstet Gynecol. 1996;87:163\u20138.","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(95)00386-X"},{"key":"2021021320254653259_j_jpm-2017-0102_ref_006_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1ab2b1b6Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gardosi J, Mongelli M, Wilcox M, Chang A. An adjustable fetal weight standard. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol Off J Int Soc Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1995;6:168\u201374.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1995.06030168.x"},{"key":"2021021320254653259_j_jpm-2017-0102_ref_007_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1ab2b1b7Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gardosi J. Customized fetal growth standards: rationale and clinical application. Semin Perinatol. 2004;28:33\u201340.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2003.12.002"},{"key":"2021021320254653259_j_jpm-2017-0102_ref_008_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1ab2b1b8Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reeves S, Bernstein IM. Optimal growth modeling. Semin Perinatol. 2008;32:148\u201353.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2007.11.001"},{"key":"2021021320254653259_j_jpm-2017-0102_ref_009_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1ab2b1b9Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gardosi J, Chang A, Kalyan B, Sahota D, Symonds EM. Customised antenatal growth charts. Lancet Lond Engl. 1992;339:283\u20137.","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)91342-6"},{"key":"2021021320254653259_j_jpm-2017-0102_ref_010_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1ab2b1c10Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Jong CL, Gardosi J, Dekker GA, Colenbrander GJ, van Geijn HP. Application of a customised birthweight standard in the assessment of perinatal outcome in a high risk population. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1998;105:531\u20135.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1998.tb10154.x"},{"key":"2021021320254653259_j_jpm-2017-0102_ref_011_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1ab2b1c11Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clausson B, Gardosi J, Francis A, Cnattingius S. Perinatal outcome in SGA births defined by customised versus population-based birthweight standards. BJOG Int J Obstet Gynaecol. 2001;108:830\u20134.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2001.00205.x"},{"key":"2021021320254653259_j_jpm-2017-0102_ref_012_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1ab2b1c12Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCowan LME, Harding JE, Stewart AW. Customized birthweight centiles predict SGA pregnancies with perinatal morbidity. BJOG Int J Obstet Gynaecol. 2005;112:1026\u201333.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2005.00656.x"},{"key":"2021021320254653259_j_jpm-2017-0102_ref_013_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1ab2b1c13Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gardosi J, Francis A. A customized standard to assess fetal growth in a US population. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009;201:25.e1\u20137.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2009.04.035"},{"key":"2021021320254653259_j_jpm-2017-0102_ref_014_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1ab2b1c14Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sjaarda LA, Albert PS, Mumford SL, Hinkle SN, Mendola P, Laughon SK. Customized large-for-gestational-age birthweight at term and the association with adverse perinatal outcomes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014;210:63.e1\u201311.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.09.006"},{"key":"2021021320254653259_j_jpm-2017-0102_ref_015_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1ab2b1c15Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Norris T, Johnson W, Farrar D, Tuffnell D, Wright J, Cameron N. Small-for-gestational age and large-for-gestational age thresholds to predict infants at risk of adverse delivery and neonatal outcomes: are current charts adequate? An observational study from the Born in Bradford cohort. BMJ Open. 2015;5: e006743.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006743"},{"key":"2021021320254653259_j_jpm-2017-0102_ref_016_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1ab2b1c16Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiossi G, Pedroza C, Costantine MM, Truong VTT, Gargano G, Saade GR. Customized versus population-based growth charts to identify neonates at risk of adverse outcomes: a systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis of observational studies. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol Off J Int Soc Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2017;50:156\u201366.","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.17381"},{"key":"2021021320254653259_j_jpm-2017-0102_ref_017_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1ab2b1c17Aa","unstructured":"Certificato di Assistenza al Parto [Internet]. Salute. [citato 28 febbraio 2017]. Available at: http:\/\/salute.regione.emilia-romagna.it\/siseps\/sanita\/cedap\/certificato-di-assistenza-al-parto."},{"key":"2021021320254653259_j_jpm-2017-0102_ref_018_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1ab2b1c18Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cacciari E, Milani S, Balsamo A, Spada E, Bona G, Cavallo L, et al. Italian cross-sectional growth charts for height, weight and BMI (2 to 20 yr). J Endocrinol Invest. 2006;29:581\u201393.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03344156"},{"key":"2021021320254653259_j_jpm-2017-0102_ref_019_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1ab2b1c19Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bertino E, Spada E, Occhi L, Coscia A, Giuliani F, Gagliardi L, et al. Neonatal anthropometric charts: the Italian neonatal study compared with other European studies. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2010;51:353\u201361.","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3181da213e"},{"key":"2021021320254653259_j_jpm-2017-0102_ref_020_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1ab2b1c20Aa","unstructured":"WHO\u202f: Global Database on Body Mass Index [Internet]. [citato 23 febbraio 2017]. Available at: http:\/\/apps.who.int\/bmi\/index.jsp&introPage=intro_3.html."},{"key":"2021021320254653259_j_jpm-2017-0102_ref_021_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1ab2b1c21Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pomeroy E, Wells JCK, Cole TJ, O\u2019Callaghan M, Stock JT. Relationships of maternal and paternal anthropometry with neonatal body size, proportions and adiposity in an Australian cohort. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2015;156:625\u201336.","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22680"},{"key":"2021021320254653259_j_jpm-2017-0102_ref_022_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1ab2b1c22Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nourbakhsh S, Ashrafzadeh S, Hafizi A, Naseh A. Associations between maternal anthropometric characteristics and infant birth weight in Iranian population. SAGE Open Med. 2016;4:2050312116646691.","DOI":"10.1177\/2050312116646691"},{"key":"2021021320254653259_j_jpm-2017-0102_ref_023_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1ab2b1c23Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCowan L, Stewart AW, Francis A, Gardosi J. A customised birthweight centile calculator developed for a New Zealand population. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2004;44:428\u201331.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.2004.00272.x"},{"key":"2021021320254653259_j_jpm-2017-0102_ref_024_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1ab2b1c24Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Figueras F, Meler E, Iraola A, Eixarch E, Coll O, Figueras J, et al. Customized birthweight standards for a Spanish population. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2008;136:20\u20134.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2006.12.015"},{"key":"2021021320254653259_j_jpm-2017-0102_ref_025_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1ab2b1c25Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jansson N, Nilsfelt A, Gellerstedt M, Wennergren M, Rossander-Hulth\u00e9n L, Powell TL, et al. Maternal hormones linking maternal body mass index and dietary intake to birth weight. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;87:1743\u20139.","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/87.6.1743"},{"key":"2021021320254653259_j_jpm-2017-0102_ref_026_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1ab2b1c26Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Higgins L, Greenwood SL, Wareing M, Sibley CP, Mills TA. Obesity and the placenta: a consideration of nutrient exchange mechanisms in relation to aberrant fetal growth. Placenta. 2011;32:1\u20137.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2010.09.019"},{"key":"2021021320254653259_j_jpm-2017-0102_ref_027_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1ab2b1c27Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Esakoff TF, Cheng YW, Sparks TN, Caughey AB. The association between birthweight 4000 g or greater and perinatal outcomes in patients with and without gestational diabetes mellitus. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009;200:672.e1\u20134.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2009.02.035"},{"key":"2021021320254653259_j_jpm-2017-0102_ref_028_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1ab2b1c28Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rossi AC, Mullin P, Prefumo F. Prevention, management, and outcomes of macrosomia: a systematic review of literature and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2013;68:702\u20139.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ogx.0000435370.74455.a8"},{"key":"2021021320254653259_j_jpm-2017-0102_ref_029_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1ab2b1c29Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silventoinen K, Sammalisto S, Perola M, Boomsma DI, Cornes BK, Davis C, et al. Heritability of adult body height: a comparative study of twin cohorts in eight countries. Twin Res Off J Int Soc Twin Stud. 2003;6:399\u2013408.","DOI":"10.1375\/136905203770326402"},{"key":"2021021320254653259_j_jpm-2017-0102_ref_030_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1ab2b1c30Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levine RS, Hennekens CH, Jesse MJ. Genetic variance of weight and length in infant twins. Am J Epidemiol. 1987;126:929\u201335.","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114730"},{"key":"2021021320254653259_j_jpm-2017-0102_ref_031_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1ab2b1c31Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Demerath EW, Choh AC, Czerwinski SA, Lee M, Sun SS, Chumlea WC, et al. Genetic and environmental influences on infant weight and weight change: the Fels Longitudinal Study. Am J Hum Biol Off J Hum Biol Counc. 2007;19:692\u2013702.","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20660"},{"key":"2021021320254653259_j_jpm-2017-0102_ref_032_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1ab2b1c32Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mook-Kanamori DO, van Beijsterveldt CEM, Steegers EAP, Aulchenko YS, Raat H, Hofman A, et al. Heritability estimates of body size in fetal life and early childhood. PloS One. 2012;7:e39901.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039901"},{"key":"2021021320254653259_j_jpm-2017-0102_ref_033_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1ab2b1c33Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wells JCK. Between Scylla and Charybdis: renegotiating resolution of the \u201cobstetric dilemma\u201d in response to ecological change. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2015;370:20140067.","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2014.0067"},{"key":"2021021320254653259_j_jpm-2017-0102_ref_034_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1ab2b1c34Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brooks AA, Johnson MR, Steer PJ, Pawson ME, Abdalla HI. Birth weight: nature or nurture? Early Hum Dev. 1995;42:29\u201335.","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(95)01637-I"},{"key":"2021021320254653259_j_jpm-2017-0102_ref_035_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1ab2b1c35Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wells JCK, Sharp G, Steer PJ, Leon DA. Paternal and maternal influences on differences in birth weight between Europeans and Indians born in the UK. PloS One. 2013;8:e61116.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061116"}],"container-title":["Journal of Perinatal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/view\/j\/jpme.2018.46.issue-9\/jpm-2017-0102\/jpm-2017-0102.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpm-2017-0102\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpm-2017-0102\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]],"date-time":"2021-04-22T01:34:48Z","timestamp":1619055288000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpm-2017-0102\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,19]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,27]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/jpm-2017-0102"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jpm-2017-0102","relation":{},"ISSN":["1619-3997","0300-5577"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1619-3997","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0300-5577","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,19]]}}}