{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T19:34:51Z","timestamp":1761766491290},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,27]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To compare the duration of patency of peripheral intravenous cannulas between continuous infusion and intermittent flushing, while using a needleless intravenous connector in newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n This is a prospective cohort study, including neonates admitted to the NICU who needed a peripheral intravenous cannula for intermittent administration of intravenous medication. In the first period, neonates received continuous peripheral infusion with NaCl 0.9% at 0.2 mL\/h. In the second period, cannulas were flushed with NaCl 0.9% (0.5 mL before and 0.3 mL after the administration of intravenous medication).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n A total of 113 neonates (210 cannulas) were included in the study, 55 received continuous peripheral infusion and 58 received intermittent flushing. Intermittent flushing resulted in a significantly longer duration of cannula patency compared to continuous infusion (geometric mean 47.1 vs. 35.4 h, P=0.041). The incidence of extravasation was higher with continuous infusion (68.9% vs. 43.2%; P=0.001), while occlusion was more common with intermittent flushing (28.4% vs. 6.6%; P=0.002).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Intermittent flushing of peripheral cannulas (using needleless intravenous connectors) results in longer cannula patency compared to continuous infusion, in neonates requiring only intermittent administration of medication.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2018-0285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]],"date-time":"2019-02-07T09:03:06Z","timestamp":1549530186000},"page":"464-469","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Continuous infusion vs. intermittent flushing of peripheral cannulas in neonates using a needleless connector: a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Rieka","family":"Hoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit , Ghent University Hospital , Ghent , Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karolien","family":"Vervisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit , Ghent University Hospital , Ghent , Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kris","family":"De Coen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit , Ghent University Hospital , Ghent , Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koenraad","family":"Smets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit , Ghent University Hospital , Ghent , Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023033121263842441_j_jpm-2018-0285_ref_001_w2aab2b8c22b1b7b1ab2b1b1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flint A, McIntosh D, Davies MW. Continuous infusion versus intermittent flushing to prevent loss of function of peripheral intravenous catheters used for drug administration in newborn infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005:CD004593.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004593.pub2"},{"key":"2023033121263842441_j_jpm-2018-0285_ref_002_w2aab2b8c22b1b7b1ab2b1b2Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pettit J. Assessment of the infant with a peripheral intravenous device. Adv Neonatal Care 2003;3:230\u201340.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adnc.2003.08.006"},{"key":"2023033121263842441_j_jpm-2018-0285_ref_003_w2aab2b8c22b1b7b1ab2b1b3Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flint A, Davies M. The intravenous cannula for newborn infants requiring only intravenous medication: continuous infusion or intermittent flushing? J Infus Nurs 2008;31:346\u20139.","DOI":"10.1097\/NAN.0b013e31818c0d4a"},{"key":"2023033121263842441_j_jpm-2018-0285_ref_004_w2aab2b8c22b1b7b1ab2b1b4Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stok D, Wieringa JW. Continuous infusion versus intermittent flushing: maintaining peripheral intravenous access in newborn infants. J Perinatol 2016;36:870\u20133.","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2016.94"},{"key":"2023033121263842441_j_jpm-2018-0285_ref_005_w2aab2b8c22b1b7b1ab2b1b5Aa","unstructured":"Kalyn A, Blatz S, Pinelli J. A comparison of continuous infusion and intermittent flushing methods in peripheral intravenous catheters in neonates. J Intraven Nurs 2000;23:146\u201353."},{"key":"2023033121263842441_j_jpm-2018-0285_ref_006_w2aab2b8c22b1b7b1ab2b1b6Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perez A, Feuz I, Brotschi B, Bernet V. Intermittent flushing improves cannula patency compared to continuous infusion for peripherally inserted venous catheters in newborns: results from a prospective observational study. J Perinat Med 2012;40:311\u20134.","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2011-1000"},{"key":"2023033121263842441_j_jpm-2018-0285_ref_007_w2aab2b8c22b1b7b1ab2b1b7Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hadaway L. Needleless connectors for IV catheters. Am J Nurs 2012;112:32\u201344.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NAJ.0000422253.72836.c1"},{"key":"2023033121263842441_j_jpm-2018-0285_ref_008_w2aab2b8c22b1b7b1ab2b1b8Aa","unstructured":"Neutron\u00ae Needlefree Catheter Patency Device (2017, March 26). Retrieved from http:\/\/www.icumed.com\/products\/infusion-therapy\/needlefree-iv-connectors\/neutron.aspx."},{"key":"2023033121263842441_j_jpm-2018-0285_ref_009_w2aab2b8c22b1b7b1ab2b1b9Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nieto-Rodriguez J, Garcia-Martin MA, Barreda-Hernandez MD, Hervas MJ, Cano-Real O. Heparin and infusion phlebitis: a prospective study. Ann Pharmacotherapy 1992;10:1211\u20134.","DOI":"10.1177\/106002809202601002"},{"key":"2023033121263842441_j_jpm-2018-0285_ref_010_w2aab2b8c22b1b7b1ab2b1c10Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shah PS, Ng E, Sinha AK. Heparin for prolonging peripheral intravenous catheter use in neonates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005:CD002774.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002774.pub2"},{"key":"2023033121263842441_j_jpm-2018-0285_ref_011_w2aab2b8c22b1b7b1ab2b1c11Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Upadhyay A, Verma KK, Lal P, Chawla D, Sreenivas V. Heparin for prolonging peripheral intravenous catheter use in neonates: a randomized controlled trial. J Perinatol 2015;35:274\u20137.","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2014.203"},{"key":"2023033121263842441_j_jpm-2018-0285_ref_012_w2aab2b8c22b1b7b1ab2b1c12Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Webbe J, Brunton G, Ali S, Duffy J, Modi N, Gale C. Developing, implementing and disseminating a core outcome set for neonatal medicine. 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