{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:09:45Z","timestamp":1787022585226,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2018-0295_s_999_w2aab3b7c63b1b6b1aab1c16b1Aa\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Small for gestational age (SGA) infants are less likely to develop respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), but more likely to develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and have a higher mortality. Our aim was to focus on outcomes of those with a birth weight less than or equal to 750 g.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2018-0295_s_994_w2aab3b7c63b1b6b1aab1c16b2Aa\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mortality, BPD severity, necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), home oxygen requirement and length of hospital stay were determined according to SGA status of all eligible infants in a 5-year period admitted within the first 24 h after birth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2018-0295_s_998_w2aab3b7c63b1b6b1aab1c16b3Aa\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The outcomes of 84 infants were assessed, and 35 (42%) were SGA. The SGA infants were more mature (P&lt;0.001), had a lower birth weight centile (P&lt;0.001) and a greater proportion exposed to antenatal corticosteroids (P=0.022). Adjusted for gestational age (GA), there was no significant difference in mortality between the two groups (P=0.242), but a greater proportion of the SGA infants developed severe BPD (P=0.025). The SGA infants had a lower weight z-score at discharge (\u22123.64 vs. \u22121.66) (P=0.001), but a decrease in z-score from birth to discharge was observed in both groups (median \u22121.53 vs. \u22121.07, P=0.256).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2018-0295_s_997_w2aab3b7c63b1b6b1aab1c16b4Aa\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite being more mature, the SGA infants had a similar mortality rate and a greater proportion developed severe BPD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2018-0295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,18]],"date-time":"2018-10-18T05:00:34Z","timestamp":1539838834000},"page":"247-251","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Small for gestational age and extremely low birth weight infant outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Elinor","family":"Charles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC-Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma , King\u2019s College London , London , UK"},{"name":"Women and Children\u2019s Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine , King\u2019s College London , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie A.","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC-Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma , King\u2019s College London , London , UK"},{"name":"Women and Children\u2019s Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine , King\u2019s College London , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC-Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma , King\u2019s College London , London , UK"},{"name":"Women and Children\u2019s Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine , King\u2019s College London , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Hickey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Centre , King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Greenough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC-Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma , King\u2019s College London , London , UK"},{"name":"Women and Children\u2019s Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine , King\u2019s College London , London , UK"},{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Centre , King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK"},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre based at Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust and King\u2019s College London , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021021321382142271_j_jpm-2018-0295_ref_001_w2aab3b7c63b1b6b1ab2b1b1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma P, McKay K, Rosenkrantz TS, Hussain N. Comparisons of mortality and pre-discharge respiratory outcomes in small-for-gestational-age and appropriate-for-gestational-age premature infants. BMC Pediatr 2004;4:9.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-4-9"},{"key":"2021021321382142271_j_jpm-2018-0295_ref_002_w2aab3b7c63b1b6b1ab2b1b2Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsai LY, Chen YL, Tsou KI, Mu SC, Taiwan Premature Infant Developmental Collaborative Study Group. The impact of small-for-gestational-age on neonatal outcome among very-low-birth-weight infants. Pediatr Neonatol 2015;56: 101\u20137.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2014.07.007"},{"key":"2021021321382142271_j_jpm-2018-0295_ref_003_w2aab3b7c63b1b6b1ab2b1b3Aa","unstructured":"Tannirwar S, Kadam S, Pandit A, Vaidya U, Parikh T, Ankit S. Comparisons of mortality and pre-discharge respiratory morbidities in small for gestational age and appropriate-for gestational age premature infants \u2013 an Indian experience. IJN 2016;7:1\u20136."},{"key":"2021021321382142271_j_jpm-2018-0295_ref_004_w2aab3b7c63b1b6b1ab2b1b4Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jobe AH, Bancalari E. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;163:1723\u20139.","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.7.2011060"},{"key":"2021021321382142271_j_jpm-2018-0295_ref_005_w2aab3b7c63b1b6b1ab2b1b5Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bell MJ, Ternberg JL, Feigin RD, Keating JP, Marshall R, Barton L, et al. Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Therapeutic decisions based upon clinical staging. Ann Surg 1978;187:1\u20137.","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197801000-00001"},{"key":"2021021321382142271_j_jpm-2018-0295_ref_006_w2aab3b7c63b1b6b1ab2b1b6Aa","unstructured":"Pan H. LMSgrowth, a Microsoft Excel add-in to access growth references based on the LMS method. Using British 1990 reference data, reanalysed 2009. Version 2.77, 2012."},{"key":"2021021321382142271_j_jpm-2018-0295_ref_007_w2aab3b7c63b1b6b1ab2b1b7Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hird M, Greenough A, Gamsu HR. Gas trapping during high frequency positive pressure ventilation using conventional ventilators. Early Hum Dev 1990;22:51\u20136.","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(90)90025-E"},{"key":"2021021321382142271_j_jpm-2018-0295_ref_008_w2aab3b7c63b1b6b1ab2b1b8Aa","unstructured":"Radbone L. East of England Perinatal Words. Clinical Guideline: enteral feeding of preterm infants on the neonatal unit. 2013."},{"key":"2021021321382142271_j_jpm-2018-0295_ref_009_w2aab3b7c63b1b6b1ab2b1b9Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Torchin H, Ancel PY, Goffinet F, Hascoet JM, Truffert P, Tran D, et al. Placental complications and bronchopulmonary dysplasia: EPIPAGE-2 cohort study. Pediatrics 2016;137:e20152163.","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-2163"},{"key":"2021021321382142271_j_jpm-2018-0295_ref_010_w2aab3b7c63b1b6b1ab2b1c10Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bose C, Van Marter LJ, Laughon M, O\u2019Shea TM, Allred EN, Karna P, et al. Fetal growth restriction and chronic lung disease among infants born before the 28th week of gestation. Pediatrics 2009;124:e450\u20138.","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-3249"},{"key":"2021021321382142271_j_jpm-2018-0295_ref_011_w2aab3b7c63b1b6b1ab2b1c11Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maritz GS, Cock ML, Louey S, Joyce BJ, Albuquerque CA, Harding R. Effects of fetal growth restriction on lung development before and after birth: a morphometric analysis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2001;32:201\u201310.","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1109"},{"key":"2021021321382142271_j_jpm-2018-0295_ref_012_w2aab3b7c63b1b6b1ab2b1c12Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maritz GS, Cock ML, Louey S, Suzuki K, Harding R. Fetal growth restriction has long-term effects on postnatal lung structure in sheep. Pediatr Res 2004;55:287\u201395.","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000106314.99930.65"},{"key":"2021021321382142271_j_jpm-2018-0295_ref_013_w2aab3b7c63b1b6b1ab2b1c13Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frank L, Sosenko IR. Undernutrition as a major contributing factor in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988;138:725\u20139.","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/138.3.725"},{"key":"2021021321382142271_j_jpm-2018-0295_ref_014_w2aab3b7c63b1b6b1ab2b1c14Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bartha JL, Romero-Carmona R, Comino-Delgado R. Inflammatory cytokines in intrauterine growth retardation. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2003;82:1099\u2013102.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1600-0412.2003.00259.x"},{"key":"2021021321382142271_j_jpm-2018-0295_ref_015_w2aab3b7c63b1b6b1ab2b1c15Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McElrath T, Allred EN, Van Marter L, Fichorova RN, Leviton A, ELGAN Study Investigators. Perinatal systemic inflammatory responses of growth-restricted preterm newborns. Acta Paediatr 2013;102:e439\u201342.","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12339"},{"key":"2021021321382142271_j_jpm-2018-0295_ref_016_w2aab3b7c63b1b6b1ab2b1c16Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bardin C, Zelkowitz P, Papageorgiou A. Outcome of small-for-gestational age and appropriate-for-gestational-age infants born before 27 weeks of gestation. Pediatrics 1997; 100:e4.","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.100.2.e4"},{"key":"2021021321382142271_j_jpm-2018-0295_ref_017_w2aab3b7c63b1b6b1ab2b1c17Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grisaru-Granovsky S, Reichman B, Lerner-Geva L, Boyko V, Hammerman C, Samueloff A, et al. Mortality and morbidity in preterm small-for-gestational-age infants: a population-based study. Am J Obst Gynecol 2012;206:150.e1\u20137.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.08.025"},{"key":"2021021321382142271_j_jpm-2018-0295_ref_018_w2aab3b7c63b1b6b1ab2b1c18Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Griffin IJ, Tancredi DJ, Bertino E, Lee HC, Profit J. Postnatal growth failure in very low birthweight infants born between 2005 and 2012. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2015;101: F50\u20135.","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2014-308095"},{"key":"2021021321382142271_j_jpm-2018-0295_ref_019_w2aab3b7c63b1b6b1ab2b1c19Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horbar JD, Ehrenkranz RA, Badger GJ, Edwards EM, Morrow KA, Soll RF, et al. Weight growth velocity and postnatal growth failure in infants 501 to 1500 grams: 2000\u20132013. Pediatrics 2015;136:e84\u201392.","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-0129"},{"key":"2021021321382142271_j_jpm-2018-0295_ref_020_w2aab3b7c63b1b6b1ab2b1c20Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clark RH, Thomas P, Peabody J. Extrauterine growth restriction remains a serious problem in prematurely born neonates. Pediatrics 2003;111:986\u201390.","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.5.986"},{"key":"2021021321382142271_j_jpm-2018-0295_ref_021_w2aab3b7c63b1b6b1ab2b1c21Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ehrenkranz RA, Younes N, Lemons JA, Fanaroff AA, Donovan EF, Wright LL, et al. Longitudinal growth of hospitalized very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 1999;104:280\u20139.","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.104.2.280"},{"key":"2021021321382142271_j_jpm-2018-0295_ref_022_w2aab3b7c63b1b6b1ab2b1c22Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dusick AM, Poindexter BB, Ehrenkranz RA, Lemons JA. Growth failure in the preterm infant: can we catch up? Semin Perinatol 2003;27:302\u201310.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0146-0005(03)00044-2"}],"container-title":["Journal of Perinatal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/view\/j\/jpme.2019.47.issue-2\/jpm-2018-0295\/jpm-2018-0295.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpm-2018-0295\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpm-2018-0295\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T21:36:02Z","timestamp":1619040962000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpm-2018-0295\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,18]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,25]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/jpm-2018-0295"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jpm-2018-0295","relation":{},"ISSN":["1619-3997","0300-5577"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1619-3997","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0300-5577","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,18]]}}}