{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T05:14:04Z","timestamp":1792300444456,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"7","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5\/7\/165\/06-RHN"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5\/7\/165\/06-RHN"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2019-0053_s_999_w2aab3b7c29b1b6b1aab1c16b1Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pregnancy is associated with biochemical changes leading to increased nutritional demands for the developing fetus that result in altered micronutrient status. The Indian dietary pattern is highly diversified and the data about dietary intake patterns, blood micronutrient profiles and their relation to low birthweight (LBW) is scarce.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2019-0053_s_998_w2aab3b7c29b1b6b1aab1c16b2Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Healthy pregnant women (HPW) were enrolled and followed-up to their assess dietary intake of nutrients, micronutrient profiles and birthweight using a dietary recall method, serum analysis and infant weight measurements, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2019-0053_s_997_w2aab3b7c29b1b6b1aab1c16b3Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>At enrolment, more than 90% of HPW had a dietary intake below the recommended dietary allowance (RDA). A significant change in the dietary intake pattern of energy, protein, fat, vitamin A and vitamin C (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) was seen except for iron (Fe) [chi-squared (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>)\u2009=\u20093.16, P\u2009=\u20090.177]. Zinc (Zn) deficiency, magnesium deficiency (MgDef) and anemia ranged between 54\u201367%, 18\u201343% and 33\u201393% which was aggravated at each follow-up visit (P\u2009\u2264\u20090.05). MgDef was significantly associated with LBW [odds ratio (OR): 4.21; P\u2009=\u20090.01] and the risk exacerbate with the persistence of deficiency along with gestation (OR: 7.34; P\u2009=\u20090.04). Pre-delivery (OR: 0.57; P\u2009=\u20090.04) and postpartum (OR: 0.37; P\u2009=\u20090.05) anemia, and a vitamin A-deficient diet (OR: 3.78; P\u2009=\u20090.04) were significantly associated with LBW. LBW risk was much higher in women consuming a vitamin A-deficient diet throughout gestation compared to vitamin A-sufficient dietary intake (OR: 10.00; P\u2009=\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2019-0053_s_996_w2aab3b7c29b1b6b1aab1c16b4Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The studied population had a dietary intake well below the RDA. MgDef, anemia and a vitamin A-deficient diet were found to be associated with an increased likelihood of LBW. Nutrient enrichment strategies should be used to combat prevalent micronutrient deficiencies and LBW.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2019-0053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,18]],"date-time":"2019-07-18T09:03:53Z","timestamp":1563440633000},"page":"724-731","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Association of dietary intake below recommendations and micronutrient deficiencies during pregnancy and low birthweight"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Hari","family":"Shankar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Clinical Research Division , ICMR \u2013 National Institute of Malaria Research , Sector-8, Dwarka , New Delhi 110077 , India"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences , Ansari Nagar , New Delhi 110029 , India"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University , Chandigarh 160014 , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neeta","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Biology and Maternal Health, Child Health, Indian Council of Medical Research , Ansari Nagar , New Delhi 110029 , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajat","family":"Sandhir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University , Chandigarh 160014 , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mrigendra Pal","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Malaria Research Field Unit Jabalpur , Madhya Pradesh , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suneeta","family":"Mittal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences , Ansari Nagar , New Delhi 110029 , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tulsi","family":"Adhikari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Medical Statistics (ICMR) , New Delhi , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohd.","family":"Tarique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences , Ansari Nagar , New Delhi 110029 , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parmeet","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dietetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences , Ansari Nagar , New Delhi 110029 , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.S.","family":"Radhika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Division, National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR) , Hyderabad , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arun","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences , Ansari Nagar , New Delhi 110029 , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.N.","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences , Ansari Nagar , New Delhi 110029 , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023033123583568766_j_jpm-2019-0053_ref_001_w2aab3b7c29b1b6b1ab2b2b1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grieger J, Clifton V. 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