{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T09:40:01Z","timestamp":1773394801260,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2019-0060_s_999_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1aab1c15b1Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To reveal the effect of a maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on the fetal thymus size.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2019-0060_s_998_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1aab1c15b2Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The sonographic fetal thymus size was measured retrospectively in 105 pregnancies with maternal HIV infection and in 615 uncomplicated singleton pregnancies. The anteroposterior thymic and the intrathoracic mediastinal diameter were determined in the three-vessel view and their quotient, the thymic-thoracic ratio (TT ratio), was calculated. The study group was subdivided into three groups by the maternal viral load on the date of ultrasound (&lt;50 cop.\/mL, 50\u20131000 cop.\/mL, &gt;1000 cop.\/mL). Furthermore, an association between prognostic factors of the HIV infection such as the lymphocyte count, CD4\/CD8 ratio, HIV medication and the thymus size, was investigated using correlation analyses.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2019-0060_s_997_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1aab1c15b3Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Fetal thymus size in pregnancies of HIV-positive mothers showed to be noticeably larger than in uncomplicated pregnancies. The mean TT ratio in the HIV-positive group was 0.389 and in the control group 0.345 (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). There was no association between any maternal HIV parameter or medication and the size of the thymus gland.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2019-0060_s_996_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1aab1c15b4Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Maternal HIV infection was associated with an increased fetal thymus size. Further consequences of intrauterine HIV exposure for fetal outcome and the development of the immune system of HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) infants must be discussed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2019-0060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,2]],"date-time":"2019-11-02T09:03:15Z","timestamp":1572685395000},"page":"67-73","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Influence of maternal HIV infection on fetal thymus size"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Clara L.","family":"Gasthaus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University Hospital M\u00fcnster , Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1, Geb\u00e4ude A1 , 48149 M\u00fcnster , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Schmitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University Hospital M\u00fcnster , Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1, Geb\u00e4ude A1 , 48149 M\u00fcnster , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Hammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University Hospital M\u00fcnster , Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1, Geb\u00e4ude A1 , 48149 M\u00fcnster , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathrin","family":"Oelmeier de Murcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University Hospital M\u00fcnster , Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1, Geb\u00e4ude A1 , 48149 M\u00fcnster , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria K.","family":"Falkenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University Hospital M\u00fcnster , Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1, Geb\u00e4ude A1 , 48149 M\u00fcnster , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janina","family":"Braun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University Hospital M\u00fcnster , Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1, Geb\u00e4ude A1 , 48149 M\u00fcnster , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Steinhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fetal Cardiology , Heart and Diabetes Center North Rhine-Westphalia , Bad Oeynhausen , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Eveslage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research , University of M\u00fcnster , M\u00fcnster , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen A.","family":"K\u00f6ster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University Hospital M\u00fcnster , Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1, Geb\u00e4ude A1 , 48149 M\u00fcnster , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Klockenbusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University Hospital M\u00fcnster , Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1, Geb\u00e4ude A1 , 48149 M\u00fcnster , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mareike","family":"M\u00f6llers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University Hospital M\u00fcnster , Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1, Geb\u00e4ude A1 , 48149 M\u00fcnster , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023040100004384077_j_jpm-2019-0060_ref_001_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1ab2b1b1Aa","unstructured":"UNAIDS. 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