{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T21:53:45Z","timestamp":1788213225329,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]],"date-time":"2020-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602460800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1 HD-041696"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1 HD-041696"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004901","name":"Pennsylvania Department of Public Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PO1 HD-047609"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PO1 HD-047609"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2020-0025_abs_001\">\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To assess deviations in longitudinally measured cytokines with preterm birth (PTB).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2020-0025_abs_002\">\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Prospective longitudinal study targeting 80 subjects. Phlebotomy specimens for broad panel of cytokine analysis were obtained at three time (T)\u00a0intervals: first trimester (T1: 8\u201314\u00a0weeks\u2019 gestation), second trimester (T2: 18\u201322\u00a0weeks\u2019 gestation), and third trimester (T3: 28\u201332\u00a0weeks\u2019 gestation). Important demographics and outcomes were tracked. Data were stratified and the target groups were analyzed as follows: \u201cUncomplicated\u201d (delivered\u00a0\u226537\u00a0weeks) or \u201cPreterm Birth\u201d (&lt;37\u00a0weeks). Generalized Linear Modeling determined rate of change T1\u2013T3 by outcome.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2020-0025_abs_003\">\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Complete data replete with phlebotomy at all three visits were obtained on 80 women. Birth outcomes were as follows: 11 Uncomplicated Term Birth (UTB), 28 PTB, 4 low birth weight (LBW), 16 OB complications (OBC), 11 current infections (IFN), and 10 mixed complications (MC=2 or more of the above). 28 PTB were compared to 11 uncomplicated term deliveries. In both groups, T helper type 1 (TH1) cytokine (IL-1\u03b2), pleiotrophic pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6), and counter-regulatory cytokine (IL-10) responses decreased over gestation, but rates of change in IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, and IL-10 were significantly different. Stratification of women by smoking status additionally demonstrated significant variance in immune status over the course of pregnancy<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2020-0025_abs_004\">\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Women delivering PTB demonstrated significant differences in cytokine trajectory over pregnancy; these data further validate key role played by immune regulation in directing pregnancy outcome. Likewise, smoking impacts longitudinal trajectory of cytokines over pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2020-0025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]],"date-time":"2020-10-13T19:46:36Z","timestamp":1602618396000},"page":"299-309","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Cytokine profiling: variation in immune modulation with preterm birth vs. uncomplicated term birth identifies pivotal signals in pathogenesis of preterm birth"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9131-5224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey M.","family":"Denney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wake Forest School of Medicine, Section for Maternal-Fetal Medicine , Winston-Salem , NC , USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology , Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology & Oncology , University of California\u2014Irvine, School of Medicine , Irvine , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pathick","family":"Wadhwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology , University of California\u2014Irvine, School of Medicine , Irvine , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thaddeus","family":"Waters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology , Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia , USA"},{"name":"and Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology , Loyola University, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine , Maywood , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leny","family":"Mathew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics , Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Adolescent Medicine , Philadelphia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert L.","family":"Goldenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology , Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia , USA"},{"name":"and Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology , Columbia University of Physicians and Surgeons , New York , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer F.","family":"Culhane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics , University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Division of Adolescent Medicine , Philadelphia , USA"},{"name":"and Yale University, School of Medicine , New Haven , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023092212122952233_j_jpm-2020-0025_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amabebe, E, Chapman, DR, Stern, VL, Stafford, G, Anumba, D. 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