{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T04:03:41Z","timestamp":1788840221009,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cervical insufficiency (CI) is a mainly disease leading to recurrent abortions and preterm birth which may present in about 1% of obstetric populations. Recurrent pregnancy losses caused by CI incur serious economic burdens on society as well as huge psychological burdens to family members. However, many patients even clinicians in some areas of the world still remain confused about this disease. At the same time, the etiology of CI is still uncertain and it is still a controversial disease in diagnosis and treatment. This article summarizes the potential risk factors associated with CI, which could be worthy of attention and helpful for future research. It also reviews the methods for diagnosis and treatment of CI to better understand this noteworthy disease, as well as presents the related consensus and controversies according to the newly updated guidelines, which has practical significance for conducting more in-depth investigations in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2020-0255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]],"date-time":"2020-07-28T10:01:34Z","timestamp":1595930494000},"page":"648-655","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Cervical insufficiency: a noteworthy disease with controversies"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengnan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huijing","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"ref561","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60820-4","article-title":"National, regional, and worldwide estimates of preterm birth rates in the year 2010 with time trends since 1990 for selected countries: a systematic analysis and implications","volume":"379","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22183","article-title":"Using imaging-based, three-dimensional models of the cervix and uterus for studies of cervical changes during pregnancy","volume":"26","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"ref621","first-page":"252","article-title":"Clinical data analysis of 111 patients with modified Mc Donald\u2032s cervical cerclage","volume":"35","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Practical Med"},{"key":"ref291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2017.07.021","article-title":"Systematic review of transabdominal cerclage placed via laparoscopy for the prevention of preterm birth","volume":"25","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Minim Invasive Gynecol"},{"key":"ref591","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199602293340904","article-title":"The length of the cervix and the risk of spontaneous premature delivery. 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