{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T10:47:47Z","timestamp":1779187667828,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]],"date-time":"2020-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600041600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2020-0269_abs_001_w2aab3b7c65b1b6b1aab1c15b1Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the role of prolonged second stage of labour and second stage caesarean section on the risk of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) in a subsequent pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2020-0269_abs_002_w2aab3b7c65b1b6b1aab1c15b2Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This was a retrospective cohort study of nulliparous women with two consecutive singleton deliveries between 2014 and 2017 at a tertiary centre. In the vaginal delivery cohort, subsequent pregnancy outcomes for women with a prolonged second stage (&gt;2\u00a0h) were compared with those with a normal second stage (\u22642\u00a0h). In the caesarean delivery cohort, women with a first stage or a second stage were compared with the vaginal delivery cohort. The primary outcome was subsequent sPTB.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2020-0269_abs_003_w2aab3b7c65b1b6b1aab1c15b3Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 821 women met inclusion criteria, of which 74.8% (614\/821) delivered vaginally and 25.2% (207\/821) delivered by caesarean section. There was no association between a prolonged second stage in the index pregnancy and subsequent sPTB (aOR 0.70, 95% CI 0.13\u20133.83, p=0.7). The risk of subsequent sPTB was threefold for those with a second stage caesarean section; however this did not reach statistical significance.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2020-0269_abs_004_w2aab3b7c65b1b6b1aab1c15b4Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A prolonged second stage of labour in the index pregnancy is not associated with an increased risk of subsequent sPTB. A second stage caesarean section in the index pregnancy may be associated with an increased risk of subsequent sPTB, however there was no statistically significant difference. These findings are important for counseling and suggest that the effects of these factors are not clinically significant to justify additional interventions in the subsequent pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2020-0269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,11]],"date-time":"2020-09-11T15:46:59Z","timestamp":1599839219000},"page":"159-165","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Does the length of second stage of labour or second stage caesarean section in nulliparous women increase the risk of preterm birth in subsequent pregnancies?"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Cathy Z.","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology , The Royal Brisbane and Women\u2019s Hospital , Brisbane , QLD , Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine , University of Queensland , Brisbane , QLD , Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology , The Royal Brisbane and Women\u2019s Hospital , Brisbane , QLD , Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine , University of Queensland , Brisbane , QLD , Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology , The Royal Brisbane and Women\u2019s Hospital , Brisbane , QLD , Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine , University of Queensland , Brisbane , QLD , Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Lehner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology , The Royal Brisbane and Women\u2019s Hospital , Brisbane , QLD , Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Advanced Prenatal Care , The Royal Brisbane and Women\u2019s Hospital , Brisbane , QLD , Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renuka","family":"Sekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology , The Royal Brisbane and Women\u2019s Hospital , Brisbane , QLD , Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Advanced Prenatal Care , The Royal Brisbane and Women\u2019s Hospital , Brisbane , QLD , Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akwasi A.","family":"Amoako","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology , The Royal Brisbane and Women\u2019s Hospital , Brisbane , QLD , Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine , University of Queensland , Brisbane , QLD , Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023040100154855200_j_jpm-2020-0269_ref_001_w2aab3b7c65b1b6b1ab2b1b1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AIHW. Australia\u2019s health 2018. Canberra, Australia: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare; 2018.","DOI":"10.21820\/23987073.2018.2.80"},{"key":"2023040100154855200_j_jpm-2020-0269_ref_002_w2aab3b7c65b1b6b1ab2b1b2Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stoll, BJ, Hansen, NI, Bell, EF, Shankaran, S, Laptook, AR, Walsh, MC, et al. Neonatal outcomes of extremely preterm infants from the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Pediatrics 2010;126:443\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2009-2959.","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2959"},{"key":"2023040100154855200_j_jpm-2020-0269_ref_003_w2aab3b7c65b1b6b1ab2b1b3Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mercer, BM, Goldenberg, RL, Moawad, AH, Meis, PJ, Iams, JD, Das, AF, et al. The preterm prediction study: effect of gestational age and cause of preterm birth on subsequent obstetric outcome. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999;181:1216\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0002-9378(99)70111-0.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70111-0"},{"key":"2023040100154855200_j_jpm-2020-0269_ref_004_w2aab3b7c65b1b6b1ab2b1b4Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beta, J, Akolekar, R, Ventura, W, Syngelaki, A, Nicolaides, KH. Prediction of spontaneous preterm delivery from maternal factors, obstetric history and placental perfusion and function at 11-13 weeks. Prenat Diagn 2011;31:75\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pd.2662.","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.2662"},{"key":"2023040100154855200_j_jpm-2020-0269_ref_005_w2aab3b7c65b1b6b1ab2b1b5Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goldenberg, RL, Culhane, JF, Iams, JD, Romero, R. Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth. Lancet 2008;371:75\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(08)60074-4.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60074-4"},{"key":"2023040100154855200_j_jpm-2020-0269_ref_006_w2aab3b7c65b1b6b1ab2b1b6Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cnattingius, S, Villamor, E, Johansson, S, Edstedt Bonamy, AK, Persson, M, Wikstrom, AK, et al. Maternal obesity and risk of preterm delivery. J Am Med Assoc 2013;309:2362\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2013.6295.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.6295"},{"key":"2023040100154855200_j_jpm-2020-0269_ref_007_w2aab3b7c65b1b6b1ab2b1b7Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vyas, NA, Vink, JS, Ghidini, A, Pezzullo, JC, Korker, V, Landy, HJ, et al. Risk factors for cervical insufficiency after term delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006;195:787\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.06.069.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.06.069"},{"key":"2023040100154855200_j_jpm-2020-0269_ref_008_w2aab3b7c65b1b6b1ab2b1b8Aa","unstructured":"WHO. WHO recommendation on definition and duration of the second stage of labour. Geneva: World Health Organisation; 2018."},{"key":"2023040100154855200_j_jpm-2020-0269_ref_009_w2aab3b7c65b1b6b1ab2b1b9Aa","unstructured":"ACOG. Safe prevention of the primary cesarean delivery. Obstetric Care Consensus No. 1. Washington: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; 2014."},{"key":"2023040100154855200_j_jpm-2020-0269_ref_010_w2aab3b7c65b1b6b1ab2b1c10Aa","unstructured":"RANZCOG. Provision of routine intrapartum care in the absence of pregnancy complications Melbourne. Australia: Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists; 2017."},{"key":"2023040100154855200_j_jpm-2020-0269_ref_011_w2aab3b7c65b1b6b1ab2b1c11Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sciaky-Tamir, Y, Shrim, A, Brown, RN. Prolonged second stage of labour and the risk for subsequent preterm birth. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2015;37:324\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1701-2163(15)30282-6.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(15)30282-6"},{"key":"2023040100154855200_j_jpm-2020-0269_ref_012_w2aab3b7c65b1b6b1ab2b1c12Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wood, SL, Tang, S, Crawford, S. Cesarean delivery in the second stage of labor and the risk of subsequent premature birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017;217:63. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.03.006. e1- e10.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.03.006"},{"key":"2023040100154855200_j_jpm-2020-0269_ref_013_w2aab3b7c65b1b6b1ab2b1c13Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levine, LD, Srinivas, SK. Length of second stage of labor and preterm birth in a subsequent pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016;214:535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.10.919. e1- e4.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.10.919"},{"key":"2023040100154855200_j_jpm-2020-0269_ref_014_w2aab3b7c65b1b6b1ab2b1c14Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quinones, JN, Gomez, D, Hoffman, MK, Ananth, CV, Smulian, JC, Skupski, DW, et al. Length of the second stage of labor and preterm delivery risk in the subsequent pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018;219:467. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.08.031. e1- e8.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.08.031"},{"key":"2023040100154855200_j_jpm-2020-0269_ref_015_w2aab3b7c65b1b6b1ab2b1c15Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levine, LD, Sammel, MD, Hirshberg, A, Elovitz, MA, Srinivas, SK. Does stage of labor at time of cesarean delivery affect risk of subsequent preterm birth?. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015;212:360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.09.035. e1-7.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.09.035"},{"key":"2023040100154855200_j_jpm-2020-0269_ref_016_w2aab3b7c65b1b6b1ab2b1c16Aa","unstructured":"Queensland Government. Births by Hospital. Brisbane; 2019. 2019."},{"key":"2023040100154855200_j_jpm-2020-0269_ref_017_w2aab3b7c65b1b6b1ab2b1c17Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Connell, MP, Hussain, J, Maclennan, FA, Lindow, SW. Factors associated with a prolonged second state of labour--a case-controlled study of 364 nulliparous labours. J Obstet Gynaecol 2003;23:255\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0144361031000098361.","DOI":"10.1080\/0144361031000098361"},{"key":"2023040100154855200_j_jpm-2020-0269_ref_018_w2aab3b7c65b1b6b1ab2b1c18Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grobman, WA, Rice, MM, Reddy, UM, Tita, ATN, Silver, RM, Mallett, G, et al. Labor induction versus expectant management in low-risk nulliparous women. N Engl J Med 2018;379:513\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmoa1800566.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1800566"},{"key":"2023040100154855200_j_jpm-2020-0269_ref_019_w2aab3b7c65b1b6b1ab2b1c19Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berghella, V, Gimovsky, AC, Levine, LD, Vink, J. Cesarean in the second stage: a possible risk factor for subsequent spontaneous preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017;217:1\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.04.019.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.04.019"}],"container-title":["Journal of Perinatal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/view\/journals\/jpme\/ahead-of-print\/article-10.1515-jpm-2020-0269\/article-10.1515-jpm-2020-0269.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpm-2020-0269\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpm-2020-0269\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T14:34:06Z","timestamp":1680359646000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpm-2020-0269\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/jpm-2020-0269"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jpm-2020-0269","relation":{},"ISSN":["1619-3997","0300-5577"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1619-3997","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0300-5577","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]]}}}