{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T16:05:09Z","timestamp":1787587509380,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2020-0435_abs_001\">\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To estimate the metformin failure rate in women with gestational diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2020-0435_abs_002\">\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study was designed as a retrospective cohort of women diagnosed with gestational diabetes by the 75\u00a0g 2\u00a0h oral glucose tolerance test. Women were placed into two groups: metformin success (107 patients not requiring insulin therapy) or metformin failure (15 patients requiring the addition of, or, transition to insulin). Primary outcome: rate of metformin failure. Secondary outcomes: maternal and neonatal factors.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2020-0435_abs_003\">\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The failure rate of metformin was 15% (19\/122 women) in the study. The failure group was more likely to have 3 abnormal values on a 2-h 75\u00a0g oral glucose tolerance test (37% (n=7\/19) vs. 15% (n=15\/103), p=0.02). Patients who failed had higher average fasting blood glucose levels on the glucose tolerance test as well as on pretreatment fasting finger stick values. Those who failed metformin were diagnosed with gestational diabetes and started on metformin earlier in gestation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2020-0435_abs_004\">\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Overall low rate of metformin failure in treatment of gestational diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2020-0435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,4]],"date-time":"2021-06-04T22:16:12Z","timestamp":1622844972000},"page":"1084-1088","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Risk of metformin failure in the treatment of women with gestational diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Kimberly M.","family":"Herrera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine , Renaissance School of Medicine Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennie P.","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women\u2019s OB\/GYN Center , Webster , TX , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malini D.","family":"Persad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine , Renaissance School of Medicine Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , NY , USA"},{"name":"Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Penn State Health Obstetrics and Gynecology C3620 , Hershey , PA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Bernasko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine , Renaissance School of Medicine Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Garretto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine , Renaissance School of Medicine Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Garry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine , Renaissance School of Medicine Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023033122435011271_j_jpm-2020-0435_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DeSisto, CL, Kim, SY, Sharma, AJ. Prevalence estimates of gestational diabetes mellitus in the United States, pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system (PRAMS), 2007\u20132010. Prev Chronic Dis 2014;11:130415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5888\/pcd11.130415.","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd11.130415"},{"key":"2023033122435011271_j_jpm-2020-0435_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sacks, DA, Black, MH, Li, X, Montoro, MN, Lawrence, JM. Adverse pregnancy outcomes using the international association of the diabetes and pregnancy study groups criteria: glycemic thresholds and associated risks. Obstet Gynecol 2015;126:67\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/aog.0000000000000865.","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000865"},{"key":"2023033122435011271_j_jpm-2020-0435_ref_003","unstructured":"Moore, LE, Briery, CM, Clokey, D, Martin, RW, Williford, NJ, Bofill, JA, et al.. Metformin and insulin in the management of gestational diabetes mellitus: preliminary results of a comparison. 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