{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T17:13:49Z","timestamp":1775841229811,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2021-0020_abs_001\">\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This article suggests a unified way to perform Cesarean sections. Even in the same departments, different modifications are in use. Therefore, one cannot rely on the early or late outcome of the procedure as long as all the surgical steps are not standardized.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2021-0020_abs_002\">\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Misgav Ladach (Stark) Cesarean Section presented here is an evidence-based operation. Its basic principles are a modified Joel-Cohen abdominal incision, one-layer continuous suturing of the uterus using a big needle, leaving peritoneum open, closing fascia continuously and a few Donati skin sutures.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2021-0020_abs_003\">\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This method has been subjected to scores of comparative studies with other methods in use, proving its advantages over them concerning duration, blood loss, febrile morbidity, need for analgesics, and costs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2021-0020_abs_004\">\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>It is suggested that this method should be used as the standardized universal method which will enable comparison between obstetricians and institutions, and offer the parturient the best possible outcome.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2021-0382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T20:51:40Z","timestamp":1629406300000},"page":"806-808","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["An evidence-based cesarean section suggested for universal use"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Stark","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The New European Surgical Academy (NESA) , Berlin , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023040100292399743_j_jpm-2021-0382_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dodd, JM, Anderson, ER, Gates, S, Grivell, RM. Surgical techniques for uterine incision and uterine closure at the time of caesarean section. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014;22:CD004732. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD004732.pub3.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004732.pub3"},{"key":"2023040100292399743_j_jpm-2021-0382_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stark, M, Gerli, S, Di Renzo, GC. The importance of analyzing and standardizing surgical methods. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2009;16:122\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmig.2008.11.005.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2008.11.005"},{"key":"2023040100292399743_j_jpm-2021-0382_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stark, M. Optimised meta-analysis should be based on standardised methods. BJOG An Int J Obstet Gynaecol 2011;118:765\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.02938.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.02938.x"},{"key":"2023040100292399743_j_jpm-2021-0382_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holmgren, G, Sj\u00f6holm, L, Stark, M. The Misgav Ladach method for cesarean section: method description. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1999;78:615\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1034\/j.1600-0412.1999.780709.x.","DOI":"10.1080\/j.1600-0412.1999.780709.x"},{"key":"2023040100292399743_j_jpm-2021-0382_ref_005","unstructured":"Stark, M, Popkin, DR, Peddle, LJ. Technique of cesarean section: Misgav Ladach method. Women\u2019s health today. Perspectives on current research and clinical practice. In: Proceedings of the XIV world congress of gyneacology and obstetrics. New York: Parthenon Publishing Group; 1994:81\u20135 pp."},{"key":"2023040100292399743_j_jpm-2021-0382_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stark, M. Evidence-based cesarean section for universal use in China: the \u201cStark (Misgav Ladach) method\u201d. Matern Fetal Med 2019;1:48\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/FM9.0000000000000003.","DOI":"10.1097\/FM9.0000000000000003"},{"key":"2023040100292399743_j_jpm-2021-0382_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stark, M, Mynbaev, O, Belci, D, Danilov, A, Vassilevski, Y, Ogutu, O. Toward universal unified cesarean section method in Africa. East Afr Scholars J Med Sci 2020;3:5\u20139 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36349\/easms.2020.v03i10.002.","DOI":"10.36349\/easms.2020.v03i10.002"},{"key":"2023040100292399743_j_jpm-2021-0382_ref_008","unstructured":"Pfannenstiel. Uber die Vortheile des suprasymphys\u00e4ren Fascienquerschnitts f\u00fcr die gyn\u00e4kologischen K\u00f6liotomien, zugleich ein Beitrag zu der Indikationsstellung der Operationswege. Sammlung Klinischer Vortr\u00e4ge. Gyn\u00e4kologie (Leipzig) 1900;97:1735\u201356."},{"key":"2023040100292399743_j_jpm-2021-0382_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mowat, J, Bonnar, J. Abdominal wound dehiscence after caesarean section. Br Med J 1971;2:256\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.2.5756.256.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5756.256"},{"key":"2023040100292399743_j_jpm-2021-0382_ref_010","unstructured":"Joel-Cohen, S. Abdominal and vaginal hysterectomy. New techniques based on time and motion studies. London: William Heinemann Medical Books; 1972:170 p."},{"key":"2023040100292399743_j_jpm-2021-0382_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stark, M, Finkel, AR. Comparison between the Joel-Cohen and Pfannenstiel incisions in cesarean section. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1994;53:121\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0028-2243(94)90218-6.","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-2243(94)90218-6"},{"key":"2023040100292399743_j_jpm-2021-0382_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stark, M. In the era of \u2018non-closure of the peritoneum\u2019, how to open it? (Not every simple method is optimal, but every optimal method is simple). Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2009;88:119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00016340802632374.","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340802632374"},{"key":"2023040100292399743_j_jpm-2021-0382_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rorie, DK, Newton, M. Histologic and chemical studies of the smooth muscle in the human cervix and uterus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1967;99:466\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0002-9378(67)90292-x.","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(67)90292-X"},{"key":"2023040100292399743_j_jpm-2021-0382_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hidar, S, Jennane, TM, Bouguizane, S, Lassoued, L, Bibi, M, Khairi, H, et al.. The effect of placental removal method at cesarean delivery on perioperative hemorrhage: a randomized clinical trial ISRCTN 49779257. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2004;117:179\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2004.03.014.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2004.03.014"},{"key":"2023040100292399743_j_jpm-2021-0382_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Spiezio Sardo, A, Saccone, G, McCurdy, R, Bujold, E, Bifulco, G, Berghella, V. Risk of Cesarean scar defect following single- vs double-layer uterine closure: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;50:578\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/uog.17401.","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.17401"},{"key":"2023040100292399743_j_jpm-2021-0382_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stark, M. Clinical evidence that suturing the peritoneum after laparotomy is unnecessary for healing. World J Surg 1993;17:419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf01658718.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01658718"},{"key":"2023040100292399743_j_jpm-2021-0382_ref_017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nabhan, AF. Long-term outcomes of two different surgical techniques for cesarean. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2008;100:69\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijgo.2007.07.011.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2007.07.011"},{"key":"2023040100292399743_j_jpm-2021-0382_ref_018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Darj, E, Nordstr\u00f6m, ML. The Misgav Ladach method for cesarean section compared to the Pfannenstiel method. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1999;78:37\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/j.1600-0412.1999.780109.x.","DOI":"10.1080\/j.1600-0412.1999.780109.x"},{"key":"2023040100292399743_j_jpm-2021-0382_ref_019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Belci, D, Di Renzo, GC, Stark, M, \u0110uri\u0107, J, Zori\u010di\u0107, D, Belci, M, et al.. Morbidity and chronic pain following different techniques of caesarean section: a comparative study. J Obstet Gynaecol 2015;35:442\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/01443615.2014.968114.","DOI":"10.3109\/01443615.2014.968114"}],"container-title":["Journal of Perinatal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpm-2021-0382\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpm-2021-0382\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T15:18:15Z","timestamp":1680362295000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpm-2021-0382\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/jpm-2021-0382"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jpm-2021-0382","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-5577","1619-3997"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-5577","type":"print"},{"value":"1619-3997","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]]}}}