{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T19:46:04Z","timestamp":1793994364368,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Contract No. HHSN275201300006C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Contract No. HHSN275201300006C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Vaginal progesterone (VP) has been recommended to prevent preterm birth (PTB) in women at high-risk. However, there is controversy as to whether VP is efficacious in some subsets of high-risk women. In this review, we examined the current best evidence on the efficacy of VP to prevent PTB in several subsets of high-risk women and provided recommendations for its clinical use. Compelling evidence indicates that VP reduces the risk of PTB and improves perinatal outcomes in singleton gestations with a short cervix (\u226425\u00a0mm), both with and without a history of spontaneous PTB. VP appears promising to reduce the risk of PTB in twin gestations with a short cervix (\u226425\u00a0mm) and in singleton gestations conceived by assisted reproductive technologies, but further research is needed. There is no convincing evidence that supports prescribing VP to prevent PTB in singleton gestations based solely on the history of spontaneous preterm birth. Persuasive evidence shows that VP does not prevent PTB nor does it improve perinatal outcomes in unselected twin gestations and in singleton gestations with a history of spontaneous PTB and a cervical length &gt;25\u00a0mm. There is no evidence supporting the use of VP to prevent PTB in triplet or higher-order multifetal gestations, singleton gestations with a positive fetal fibronectin test and clinical risk factors for PTB, and gestations with congenital uterine anomalies or uterine leiomyoma. In conclusion, current evidence indicates that VP should only be recommended in singleton gestations with a short cervix, regardless of the history of spontaneous PTB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2022-0462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T04:18:06Z","timestamp":1670386686000},"page":"125-134","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Vaginal progesterone for the prevention of preterm birth: who can benefit and who cannot? Evidence-based recommendations for clinical use"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Agustin","family":"Conde-Agudelo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research , Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda , MD and Detroit , MI , USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research , Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda , MD and Detroit , MI , USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Michigan State University East Lansing , MI , USA"},{"name":"Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA"},{"name":"Detroit Medical Center , Detroit , MI , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026061814322746101_j_jpm-2022-0462_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin, JA, Hamilton, BE, Osterman, MJ. Births in the United States, 2021. NCHS Data Brief 2022:1\u20138.","DOI":"10.15620\/cdc:119632"},{"key":"2026061814322746101_j_jpm-2022-0462_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chawanpaiboon, S, Vogel, JP, Moller, AB, Lumbiganon, P, Petzold, M, Hogan, D, et al.. 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