{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T14:56:48Z","timestamp":1781794608228,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2023-0365_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using cases from our own experience and from the published literature on amniotic fluid embolism (AFE), we seek to improve on existing criteria for diagnosis and discern associated risk factors. Additionally, we propose a novel theory of pathophysiology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2023-0365_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective case review includes eight cases of AFE from two hospital systems and 21 from the published literature. All cases were evaluated using the modified criteria for research reporting of AFE by Clark et\u00a0al. in Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2016;215:408\u201312 as well as our proposed criteria for diagnosis. Additional clinical and demographic characteristics potentially correlated with a risk of AFE were included and analyzed using descriptive analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2023-0365_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The incidence of AFE was 2.9 per 100,000 births, with five maternal deaths in 29 cases (17.2\u202f%) in our series. None of the cases met Clark\u2019s criteria while all met our criteria. 62.1\u202f% of patients were over the age of 32 years and two out of 29 women (6.9\u202f%) conceived through\n                      <jats:italic>in-vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      fertilization. 6.5\u202f% of cases were complicated by fetal death. Placenta previa occurred in 13.8\u202f%. 86.2\u202f% of women had cesarean sections of which 52.0\u202f% had no acute maternal indication.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2023-0365_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our criteria identify more patients with AFE than others with a low likelihood of false positives. Clinical and demographic associations in our review are consistent with those previously reported. A possible relationship between cesarean birth and risk of AFE was identified using our criteria. Additionally, we propose a new hypothesis of pathophysiology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2023-0365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]],"date-time":"2023-12-11T23:32:39Z","timestamp":1702337559000},"page":"126-135","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Amniotic fluid embolism: a reappraisal"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Bruce K.","family":"Young","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , New York University Grossman School of Medicine , New York City , USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , NYU Langone Medical Center , New York City , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascalle","family":"Florine Magdelijns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , NYU Langone Health Medical Center , New York City , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith L.","family":"Chervenak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Bellevue Medical Center , New York City , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , NYU Langone Medical Center , New York City , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026061814321980803_j_jpm-2023-0365_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mazza, GR, Youssefzadeh, AC, Klar, M, Kunze, M, Matsuzaki, S, Mandelbaum, RS, et al.. 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