{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T13:11:56Z","timestamp":1791205916301,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2023-0429_abs_001\">\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To evaluate the differences in vaginal matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in pregnant patients with a history of prior preterm birth compared with controls.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2023-0429_abs_002\">\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A prospective cohort pilot study recruited patients during prenatal care with history of prior spontaneous preterm birth (high-risk group) or no history of preterm birth\u00a0(low-risk\/controls). Inclusion criteria were singleton gestation at 11\u201316\u00a0weeks and between 18 and 55 years of age. Exclusion criteria were diabetes mellitus, hypertension, diseases affecting the immune response or acute vaginitis. A vaginal wash was performed at time of enrollment, and patients were followed through delivery. Samples were analyzed using semi-quantitative analysis of MMPS and TIMPS. The study was approved by the IRB and a p-value &lt;0.05 was considered significant.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2023-0429_abs_003\">\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 48 pregnant patients were recruited: 16 with a history of preterm birth (high-risk group) and 32 with no history of preterm birth (low-risk group\/controls). Groups\u00a0were similar in age, race, BMI, and delivery mode. The high-risk group had more multiparous women (100 vs. 68.8\u202f%; p=0.02), a greater preterm birth rate (31.2 vs. 6.3\u202f%; p=0.02), and a lower birth weight (2,885\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0898\u202fg vs. 3,480\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0473\u202fg; p=0.02). Levels of vaginal MMP-9 were greater in high-risk patients than low-risk patients (74.9\u202f%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a027.0 vs. 49.4\u202f%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a031.1; p=0.01). When dividing the cohort into patients that had a spontaneous preterm birth (7\/48, 14.6\u202f%) vs. those with a term delivery (41\/48, 85.4\u202f%), the vaginal MMP-9 remained elevated in the cohort that experienced a preterm birth (85.46\u202f%+19.79 vs. 53.20\u202f%+31.47; p=0.01). There were no differences in the other MMPS and in TIMPs between high\u00a0and low-risk groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2023-0429_abs_004\">\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There was an increase in vaginal MMP-9 during early pregnancy in those at high risk for preterm birth and in those who delivered preterm, regardless of prior pregnancy outcome. Vaginal MMP-9 may have potential as a marker of increased risk of preterm birth.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2023-0429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T07:43:10Z","timestamp":1716536590000},"page":"591-596","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Vaginal matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) as a potential early predictor of preterm birth"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Jay A.","family":"Davis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine , Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine , Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatyana","family":"Peresleni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine , Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4027-1337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cassandra","family":"Heiselman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine , Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Kocis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine , Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Demishev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine , Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5398-7596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David J.","family":"Garry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine , Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024071212145406451_j_jpm-2023-0429_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCabe, ER, Carrino, GE, Russell, RB, Howse, JL. 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