{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T04:26:12Z","timestamp":1787631972938,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732492800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI22\/00663"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI22\/00663"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Hologic Inc"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2024-0178_abs_001\">\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To prospectively validate the diagnostic performance of a non-invasive point-of-care tool (Rapid IAI System), including vaginal alpha-fetoprotein and interleukin-6, to predict the occurrence of intra-amniotic inflammation in a Spanish cohort of patients admitted with a diagnosis of preterm labor and intact membranes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2024-0178_abs_002\">\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>From 2017 to 2022, we prospectively evaluated a cohort of pregnant women diagnosed with preterm labor and intact membranes admitted below 34+0\u00a0weeks who underwent amniocentesis to rule-in\/out intra-amniotic infection and\/or inflammation. Vaginal sampling was performed at the time of amniocentesis or within 24\u201348\u202fh. Amniotic fluid IL-6, vaginal alpha-fetoprotein and vaginal IL-6 concentrations were measured using a point-of-care tool provided by Hologic Inc., \u201cRapid IAI System\u201d. We defined intra-amniotic inflammation when amniotic fluid IL-6 values were greater than 11.3\u202fng\/mL. During recruitment, clinicians were blinded to the results of the point-of-care tool. The original prediction model proposed by Hologic Inc. to predict intra-amniotic inflammation was validated in this cohort of patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2024-0178_abs_003\">\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We included 151 patients diagnosed with preterm labor and intact membranes. Among these, 29 (19.2\u202f%) had intra-amniotic inflammation. The algorithm including vaginal IL-6 and alpha-fetoprotein showed an area under curve to predict intra-amniotic inflammation of 80.3\u202f% (\u00b15.3\u202f%) with a sensitivity of 72.4\u202f%, specificity of 84.6\u202f%, positive predictive valuve (PPV) of 52.5\u202f%, negative predictive value (NPV) of 92.9\u202f%, and a positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of 4.6 and negative likelihood ratio (LR\u2212) of 0.33.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2024-0178_abs_004\">\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>External validation of a non-invasive rapid point-of-care tool, including vaginal alpha-fetoprotein and IL-6, showed very good diagnostic performance for predicting the absence of intra-amniotic inflammation in women with preterm labor and intact membranes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2024-0178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T13:25:15Z","timestamp":1732281915000},"page":"170-178","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["External validation of a non-invasive vaginal tool to assess the risk of intra-amniotic inflammation in pregnant women with preterm labor and intact membranes"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3130-1829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Cobo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BCNatal \u2013 Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clinic and Hospital Sant Joan de D\u00e9u), Institut Cl\u00ednic de Ginecolog\u00eda, Obstetr\u00edcia I Neonatolog\u00eda, Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research Center , Barcelona , Spain"},{"name":"Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Departament de Cirurgia i Especialitats Medicoquir\u00fargiques, Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain"},{"name":"Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER) , Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII) , 28029 Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier P.","family":"Burgos-Artizzu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MovumTech , Barcelona , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Ferrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BCNatal \u2013 Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clinic and Hospital Sant Joan de D\u00e9u), Institut Cl\u00ednic de Ginecolog\u00eda, Obstetr\u00edcia I Neonatolog\u00eda, Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research Center , Barcelona , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Balcells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BCNatal \u2013 Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clinic and Hospital Sant Joan de D\u00e9u), Institut Cl\u00ednic de Ginecolog\u00eda, Obstetr\u00edcia I Neonatolog\u00eda, Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research Center , Barcelona , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Bosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology department , Center of Biomedical diagnostic , Hospital Clinic , ISGlobal , Barcelona , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amadeu","family":"Gen\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology department , Hospital Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, Barcelona , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Murillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BCNatal \u2013 Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clinic and Hospital Sant Joan de D\u00e9u), Institut Cl\u00ednic de Ginecolog\u00eda, Obstetr\u00edcia I Neonatolog\u00eda, Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research Center , Barcelona , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Rueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BCNatal \u2013 Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clinic and Hospital Sant Joan de D\u00e9u), Institut Cl\u00ednic de Ginecolog\u00eda, Obstetr\u00edcia I Neonatolog\u00eda, Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research Center , Barcelona , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Boada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BCNatal \u2013 Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clinic and Hospital Sant Joan de D\u00e9u), Institut Cl\u00ednic de Ginecolog\u00eda, Obstetr\u00edcia I Neonatolog\u00eda, Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research Center , Barcelona , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Ant\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BCNatal \u2013 Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clinic and Hospital Sant Joan de D\u00e9u), Institut Cl\u00ednic de Ginecolog\u00eda, Obstetr\u00edcia I Neonatolog\u00eda, Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research Center , Barcelona , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marian","family":"Kacerovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Center , University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Hospital Most , Most , Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Jacobsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics , Area of Health Data and Digitalisation, Norwegian Institute of Public Health , Oslo , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Montse","family":"Palacio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BCNatal \u2013 Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clinic and Hospital Sant Joan de D\u00e9u), Institut Cl\u00ednic de Ginecolog\u00eda, Obstetr\u00edcia I Neonatolog\u00eda, Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research Center , Barcelona , Spain"},{"name":"Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain"},{"name":"Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER) , Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII) , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025031310143177878_j_jpm-2024-0178_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romero, R, Miranda, J, Chaiworapongsa, T, Korzeniewski, SJ, Chaemsaithong, P, Gotsch, F, et al.. Prevalence and clinical significance of sterile intra-amniotic inflammation in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes. Am J Reprod Immunol 2014;72:458\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aji.12296.","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12296"},{"key":"2025031310143177878_j_jpm-2024-0178_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Trujillo, A, Cobo, T, Vives, I, Bosch, J, Kacerovsky, M, Posadas, DE, et al.. Gestational age is more important for short-term neonatal outcome than microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity or intra-amniotic inflammation in preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2016;95:926\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aogs.12905.","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12905"},{"key":"2025031310143177878_j_jpm-2024-0178_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cobo, T, Vives, I, Rodr\u00edguez-Trujillo, A, Murillo, C, \u00c1ngeles, MA, Bosch, J, et al.. Impact of microbial invasion of amniotic cavity and the type of microorganisms on short-term neonatal outcome in women with preterm labor and intact membranes. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2017;96:570\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aogs.13095.","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13095"},{"key":"2025031310143177878_j_jpm-2024-0178_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoon, BH, Romero, R, Park, JS, Kim, CJ, Kim, SH, Choi, JH, et al.. Fetal exposure to an intra-amniotic inflammation and the development of cerebral palsy at the age of three years. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;182:675\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/mob.2000.104207.","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.104207"},{"key":"2025031310143177878_j_jpm-2024-0178_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Trujillo, A, R\u00edos, J, \u00c1ngeles, MA, Posadas, DE, Murillo, C, Rueda, C, et al.. Influence of perinatal inflammation on the neurodevelopmental outcome of premature infants. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2019;32:1069\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14767058.2017.1399118.","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2017.1399118"},{"key":"2025031310143177878_j_jpm-2024-0178_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cobo, T, Aldecoa, V, Figueras, F, Herranz, A, Ferrero, S, Izquierdo, M, et al.. Development and validation of a multivariable prediction model of spontaneous preterm delivery and microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity in women with preterm labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020;223:421.e1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.02.049.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.02.049"},{"key":"2025031310143177878_j_jpm-2024-0178_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoon, BH, Romero, R, Park, JY, Oh, KJ, Lee, J, Conde-Agudelo, A, et al.. Antibiotic administration can eradicate intra-amniotic infection or intra-amniotic inflammation in a subset of patients with preterm labor and intact membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019;221:142.e1\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.03.018.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.03.018"},{"key":"2025031310143177878_j_jpm-2024-0178_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roberts, D, Brown, J, Medley, N, Dalziel, SR. Antenatal corticosteroids for accelerating fetal lung maturation for women at risk of preterm birth. In: Pregnancy, C, Group, C, editors. Cochrane Database Syst Rev; 2017. https:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/14651858.CD004454.pub3 [Accessed 3 Dec 2023].","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004454.pub3"},{"key":"2025031310143177878_j_jpm-2024-0178_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huusom, LD, Wolf, HT. Antenatal magnesium sulfate treatment for women at risk of preterm birth is safe and might decrease the risk of cerebral palsy. BMJ Evid Based Med 2018;23:195\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjebm-2018-110897.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjebm-2018-110897"},{"key":"2025031310143177878_j_jpm-2024-0178_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramirez-Montiel, ML, Casillas-Barrera, M, Morales-Morales, MP, Ortiz, MI, Lopez De Lara-Diaz De Leon, O, Carrasco-Blancas, ER, et al.. Complications associated with amniocentesis in the third trimester of pregnancy. J Clin Gynecol Obstet 2017;6:34\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14740\/jcgo452w.","DOI":"10.14740\/jcgo452w"},{"key":"2025031310143177878_j_jpm-2024-0178_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Musilova, I, Bestvina, T, Stranik, J, Stepan, M, Jacobsson, B, Kacerovsky, M. Transabdominal amniocentesis is a feasible and safe procedure in preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. Fetal Diagn Ther 2017;42:257\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000457951.","DOI":"10.1159\/000457951"},{"key":"2025031310143177878_j_jpm-2024-0178_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaemsaithong, P, Romero, R, Docheva, N, Chaiyasit, N, Bhatti, G, Pacora, P, et al.. Comparison of rapid MMP-8 and interleukin-6 point-of-care tests to identify intra-amniotic inflammation\/infection and\u00a0impending preterm delivery in patients with preterm labor\u00a0and\u00a0intact membranes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018;31:228\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14767058.2017.1281904.","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2017.1281904"},{"key":"2025031310143177878_j_jpm-2024-0178_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oh, KJ, Romero, R, Park, JY, Kang, J, Hong, JS, Yoon, BH. A high concentration of fetal fibronectin in cervical secretions increases the risk of intra-amniotic infection and inflammation in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes. J Perinat Med 2019;47:288\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jpm-2018-0351.","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2018-0351"},{"key":"2025031310143177878_j_jpm-2024-0178_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hitti, J, Lapidus, JA, Lu, X, Reddy, AP, Jacob, T, Dasari, S, et al.. Noninvasive diagnosis of intraamniotic infection: proteomic biomarkers in vaginal fluid. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2010;203:32.e1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.03.037.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.03.037"},{"key":"2025031310143177878_j_jpm-2024-0178_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Combs, CA, Garite, TJ, Lapidus, JA, Lapointe, JP, Gravett, M, Rael, J, et al.. Detection of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity by analysis of cervicovaginal proteins in women with preterm labor and intact membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015;212:482.e1\u2013e12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.02.007.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.10.128"},{"key":"2025031310143177878_j_jpm-2024-0178_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cobo, T, Burgos-Artizzu, XP, Collado, MC, Andreu-Fern\u00e1ndez, V, Sanchez-Garcia, AB, Filella, X, et al.. Noninvasive prediction models of intra-amniotic infection in women with preterm labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023;228:78.e1\u2013e13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.07.027.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.07.027"},{"key":"2025031310143177878_j_jpm-2024-0178_ref_017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oh, KJ, Romero, R, Kim, HJ, Lee, J, Hong, JS, Yoon, BH. Preterm labor with intact membranes: a simple noninvasive method to identify patients at risk for intra-amniotic infection and\/or inflammation. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2022;35:10514\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14767058.2022.2131388.","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2022.2131388"},{"key":"2025031310143177878_j_jpm-2024-0178_ref_018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mizejewski, GJ. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and inflammation: is AFP an acute and\/or chronic phase reactant? J Hematol Thromboembolic Dis 2015;3:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4172\/2329-8790.1000191.","DOI":"10.4172\/2329-8790.1000191"},{"key":"2025031310143177878_j_jpm-2024-0178_ref_019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martinon, F, Burns, K, Tschopp, J. The inflammasome: a molecular platform triggering activation of inflammatory caspases and processing of proIL-beta. Mol Cell 2002;10:417\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1097-2765(02)00599-3.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(02)00599-3"},{"key":"2025031310143177878_j_jpm-2024-0178_ref_020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hitti, J, Hillier, SL, Agnew, KJ, Krohn, MA, Reisner, DP, Eschenbach, DA. Vaginal indicators of amniotic fluid infection in preterm labor. Obstet Gynecol 2001;97:211\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00006250-200102000-00010.","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-200102000-00010"},{"key":"2025031310143177878_j_jpm-2024-0178_ref_021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, KH, Kim, SN, Oh, KJ, Lee, SY, Jeong, EH, Ryu, A. Noninvasive prediction of intra-amniotic infection and\/or inflammation in preterm premature rupture of membranes. Reprod Sci 2012;19:658\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1933719111432869.","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719111432869"},{"key":"2025031310143177878_j_jpm-2024-0178_ref_022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holst, RM, Mattsby-Baltzer, I, Wennerholm, UB, Hagberg, H, Jacobsson, B. Interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in cervical fluid in a population of Swedish women in preterm labor: relationship to microbial invasion of the amniotic fluid, intra-amniotic inflammation, and preterm delivery. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2005;84:551\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/j.0001-6349.2005.00708.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0001-6349.2005.00708.x"},{"key":"2025031310143177878_j_jpm-2024-0178_ref_023","unstructured":"E Inman Laderman, TH Grove. Detection of intraamniotic infection [Internet]. Hologic Inc, 35 Crosby drive, Bedford, MA 01730 (US); WO 2011\/065976 A1, 2011. p.\u00a078. Available from: https:\/\/patents.google.com\/patent\/WO2011065976A1\/en."},{"key":"2025031310143177878_j_jpm-2024-0178_ref_024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palacio, M, Cobo, T, Bosch, J, Filella, X, Navarro-Sastre, A, Ribes, A, et al.. Cervical length and gestational age at admission as predictors of intra-amniotic inflammation in preterm labor with intact membranes. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2009;34:441\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/uog.6437.","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.6437"},{"key":"2025031310143177878_j_jpm-2024-0178_ref_025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robinson, HP. Sonar measurement of fetal crown-rump length as means of assessing maturity in first trimester of pregnancy. BMJ 1973;4:28\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.4.5883.28.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.4.5883.28"},{"key":"2025031310143177878_j_jpm-2024-0178_ref_026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Combs, CA, Gravett, M, Garite, TJ, Hickok, DE, Lapidus, J, Porreco, R, et al.. Amniotic fluid infection, inflammation, and colonization in preterm labor with intact membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2014;210:125.e1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.11.032.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.11.032"},{"key":"2025031310143177878_j_jpm-2024-0178_ref_027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romero, R, Yoon, BH, Mazor, M, Gomez, R, Diamond, MP, Kenney, JS, et al.. The diagnostic and prognostic value of amniotic fluid white blood cell count, glucose, interleukin-6, and Gram stain in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993;169:805\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0002-9378(93)90009-8.","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(93)90009-8"},{"key":"2025031310143177878_j_jpm-2024-0178_ref_028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, CC, Chang, JH, Lin, HY, Cheng, PJ, Su, BH. Intrauterine inflammation, infection, or both (Triple I): a new concept for chorioamnionitis. Pediatr Neonatol 2018;59:231\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pedneo.2017.09.001.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2017.09.001"},{"key":"2025031310143177878_j_jpm-2024-0178_ref_029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buderer, NM. Statistical methodology: I. Incorporating the prevalence of disease into the sample size calculation for sensitivity and specificity. Acad Emerg Med 1996;3:895\u2013900. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1553-2712.1996.tb03538.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.1996.tb03538.x"},{"key":"2025031310143177878_j_jpm-2024-0178_ref_030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kenyon, S, Taylor, D, Tarnow-Mordi, W. Broad-spectrum antibiotics for spontaneous preterm labour: the ORACLE II randomised trial. Lancet 2001;357:989\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(00)04234-3.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04234-3"},{"key":"2025031310143177878_j_jpm-2024-0178_ref_031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kenyon, S, Pike, K, Jones, D, Brocklehurst, P, Marlow, N, Salt, A, et al.. Childhood outcomes after prescription of antibiotics to pregnant women with spontaneous preterm labour: 7-year follow-up of the ORACLE II trial. Lancet 2008;372:1319\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(08)61203-9.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61203-9"},{"key":"2025031310143177878_j_jpm-2024-0178_ref_032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oh, KJ, Romero, R, Park, JY, Lee, J, Conde-Agudelo, A, Hong, JS, et al.. Evidence that antibiotic administration is effective in the treatment of a subset of patients with intra-amniotic infection\/inflammation presenting with cervical insufficiency. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019;221:140.e1\u2013e18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.03.017.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.03.017"},{"key":"2025031310143177878_j_jpm-2024-0178_ref_033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kacerovsky, M, Romero, R, Stepan, M, Stranik, J, Maly, J, Pliskova, L, et al.. Antibiotic administration reduces the rate of intraamniotic inflammation in preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020;223:114.e1\u2013e20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.01.043.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.01.043"},{"key":"2025031310143177878_j_jpm-2024-0178_ref_034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R\u00e4ikk\u00f6nen, K, Gissler, M, Kajantie, E. Associations between maternal antenatal corticosteroid treatment and mental and behavioral disorders in children. JAMA 2020;323:1924. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.3937.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.3937"}],"container-title":["Journal of Perinatal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpm-2024-0178\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpm-2024-0178\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T10:15:52Z","timestamp":1741860952000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpm-2024-0178\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/jpm-2024-0178"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jpm-2024-0178","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-5577","1619-3997"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-5577","type":"print"},{"value":"1619-3997","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]]}}}