{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T16:10:44Z","timestamp":1778602244650,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748390400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2024-0499_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the clinical characteristics and etiopathogenic factors associated with gestational diabetes insipidus (GDI), analyzing maternal and perinatal outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2024-0499_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review was performed in PubMed, Embase and Scopus of articles on GDI published from January 1, 1980 to April 3, 2024. The review included 55 case reports on GDI, with a total of 64 women. Data on age, parity, diagnosis, management, and maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality were collected. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 17.0, considering a p value\u00a0&lt;0.05 as significant. Study quality was assessed with the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2024-0499_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 64 women studied, 65.6\u202f% were primiparous and the mean gestational age at diagnosis was 32.7\u00a0weeks. There was a high prevalence of twin gestations (21.9\u202f%) and a significant percentage of cesarean deliveries (54\u202f%). Preeclampsia, Acute fatty liver of pregnancy and HELLP syndrome were significantly more prevalent. The incidence of prematurity was 54.7\u202f% and the perinatal mortality rate was 78.1\u202f\u2030. These complications showed statistical significance (p&lt;0.05), indicating the severity of GDI and its impact on obstetric outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2024-0499_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GDI represents a complex clinical challenge with important implications for maternal-fetal health. The understanding of its aetiology, linked to vasopressinase activity and its relationship with various obstetric pathologies, is crucial for the diagnosis and proper management of this condition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2024-0499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T02:55:10Z","timestamp":1748400910000},"page":"885-899","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Gestational diabetes insipidus. A systematic review of case reports"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"M\u00f3nica Berm\u00fadez","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Ourense Hospital Complex , Ourense , Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2824-1829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esther Alvarez","family":"Silvares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Ourense Hospital Complex , Ourense , Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gonzalo Rubio","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Ourense Hospital Complex , Ourense , Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026051215142324595_j_jpm-2024-0499_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mutter, CM, Smith, T, Menze, O, Zakharia, M, Nguyen, H. Diabetes insipidus: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and clinical management. Cureus 2021;13:e13523. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.13523.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.13523"},{"key":"2026051215142324595_j_jpm-2024-0499_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Refardt, J, Winzeler, B, Christ-Crain, M. Diabetes insipidus: an update. Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am 2020;49:517\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecl.2020.05.012.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2020.05.012"},{"key":"2026051215142324595_j_jpm-2024-0499_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fenske, W, Refardt, J, Chifu, I, Schnyder, I, Winzeler, B, Drummond, J, et al.. A copeptin-based approach in the diagnosis of diabetes insipidus. N Engl J Med 2018;379:428\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1803760.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1803760"},{"key":"2026051215142324595_j_jpm-2024-0499_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ananthakrishnan, S. Gestational diabetes insipidus: diagnosis and management. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metabol 2020;34:101384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101384.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101384"},{"key":"2026051215142324595_j_jpm-2024-0499_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chong, PL, Pisharam, J, Abdullah, A, Chong, VH. Gestational diabetes insipidus. QJM 2019;112:123\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/qjmed\/hcy252.","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcy252"},{"key":"2026051215142324595_j_jpm-2024-0499_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chanson, P, Salenave, S. Diabetes insipidus and pregnancy. Ann Endocrinol 2016;77:135\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ando.2016.04.005.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ando.2016.04.005"},{"key":"2026051215142324595_j_jpm-2024-0499_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marques, P, Gunawardana, K, Grossman, A. Transient diabetes insipidus in pregnancy. 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