{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T16:12:20Z","timestamp":1778602340761,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748304000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2024-0516_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tobacco smoking during pregnancy is a significant public health concern, posing serious risks to both maternal and fetal health. This study aimed to identify factors associated with smoking, second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure, and knowledge of smoking hazards and cessation counseling services during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2024-0516_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 3,052 pregnant women receiving prenatal care from 2016 to 2022. Maternal characteristics, smoking status, SHS exposure, and knowledge of smoking risks and cessation services were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2024-0516_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Approximately 5.6\u202f% of participants were current smokers. Smoking was more prevalent among unmarried women, those with low income, multigravida, and women with overweight\/obesity (p&lt;0.05). SHS exposure was reported by 19.9\u202f% of participants, with higher rates among women with low income and immigrant status (p&lt;0.05). While 99.2\u202f% of participants were aware of the risks of smoking to maternal and infant health, awareness was significantly lower among immigrant women (p&lt;0.05). Additionally, 96.3\u202f% of participants were aware of smoking cessation counseling services, but lower awareness levels were observed in women aged\u226535 years, unmarried women, and immigrant women (p&lt;0.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2024-0516_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sociodemographic factors such as low income and immigrant status are strongly associated with smoking and SHS exposure during pregnancy. To address these disparities, hospitals should prioritize tailored prenatal education and counseling services. Emphasizing the risks of smoking to maternal and infant health can promote healthier pregnancies, especially in underserved rural\u00a0areas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2024-0516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T10:45:49Z","timestamp":1748256349000},"page":"853-860","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Risk factors and awareness of tobacco smoking and second-hand smoke exposure among pregnant women in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Ching-Feng","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing , 49046 Fooyin University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin-Hua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing , 49046 Fooyin University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsin-Yi","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery and Maternal-Infant Health Care , 49046 Fooyin University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ching-Chiang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine , 49046 Fooyin University Hospital , Pingtung , Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Education and Research , Fooyin University Hospital , Pingtung , Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology , Fooyin University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026051215142328890_j_jpm-2024-0516_ref_001","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Tobacao. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/tobacco [Accessed 21 Aug 2024]."},{"key":"2026051215142328890_j_jpm-2024-0516_ref_002","unstructured":"Mosharraf, S, Allahdadian, M, Reyhani, M. Comparison of adverse pregnancy outcomes between hookah and non-smoking women. J\u00a0Midwifery Reprod Healt 2019;7:1499\u2013505."},{"key":"2026051215142328890_j_jpm-2024-0516_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gould, GS, Havard, A, Lim, LL. The psanz smoking in pregnancy expert group, Kumar R. Exposure to tobacco, environmental tobacco smoke and nicotine in pregnancy: a pragmatic overview of reviews of maternal and child outcomes, effectiveness of interventions and barriers and facilitators to quitting. Int J Environ Res Publ Health 2020;17:2034. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17062034.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17062034"},{"key":"2026051215142328890_j_jpm-2024-0516_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tarasi, B, Cornuz, J, Clair, C, Baud, D. Cigarette smoking during pregnancy and adverse perinatal outcomes: a cross-sectional study over 10\u00a0years. BMC Public Health 2022;22:2403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-022-14881-4.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-14881-4"},{"key":"2026051215142328890_j_jpm-2024-0516_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fitzpatrick, KE, Gray, R, Quigley, MA. Women\u2019s longitudinal patterns of smoking during the pre-conception, pregnancy and postnatal period: evidence from the UK infant feeding survey. PLoS One 2016;11:e0153447. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0153447.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153447"},{"key":"2026051215142328890_j_jpm-2024-0516_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suzuki, M, Wakayama, R, Yamagata, Z, Suzuki, K. Effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on gestational weight gain and birthweight: a stratified analysis by pregestational weight status. Tob Induc Dis 2022;20:10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18332\/tid\/143952.","DOI":"10.18332\/tid\/143952"},{"key":"2026051215142328890_j_jpm-2024-0516_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salinas-Vilca, A, Cuevas, L, Group, EP, Bermejo-S\u00e1nchez, E, Cuevas, GI. Smoking during pregnancy: changes and associated risk factors in Spain, 1980-2016. J\u00a0Public Health 2020;44:438\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pubmed\/fdaa277.","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdaa277"},{"key":"2026051215142328890_j_jpm-2024-0516_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patten, CA, Lando, HA, Desnoyers, CA, Klejka, J, Decker, PA, Bock, MJ, et al.. Association of tobacco use during pregnancy, perceived stress, and depression among Alaska native women participants in the healthy pregnancies project. Nicotine Tob Res 2020;22:2104\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ntr\/ntz189.","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntz189"},{"key":"2026051215142328890_j_jpm-2024-0516_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dias-Dam\u00e9, JL, Cesar, JA. Disparities in prevalence of smoking and smoking cessation during pregnancy: a population-based study. BioMed Res Int 2015;2015:345430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/345430.","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/345430"},{"key":"2026051215142328890_j_jpm-2024-0516_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smedberg, J, Lupattelli, A, Mardby, A-C, Nordeng, H. Characteristics of women who continue smoking during pregnancy: a cross-sectional study of pregnant women and new mothers in 15 European countries. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2014;14:213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2393-14-213.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-14-213"},{"key":"2026051215142328890_j_jpm-2024-0516_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mazloomy, MSS, Karimiankakolaki, Z, Kazemi, A, Keshavarz Mohammadi, N, Fallahzadeh, H. Exposure to secondhand smoke in Iranian pregnant women at home and the related factors. Tob Prev Cessat. 2019;5:7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18332\/tpc\/104435.","DOI":"10.18332\/tpc\/104435"},{"key":"2026051215142328890_j_jpm-2024-0516_ref_012","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic 2021: addressing new and emerging products; 2021. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240032095 [Accessed 21 Aug 2024]."},{"key":"2026051215142328890_j_jpm-2024-0516_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vu, GV, Ngo, CQ, Phan, PT, Doan, LPT, Nguyen, TT, Nguyen, MH, et al.. Inadequate knowledge, attitude and practices about second-hand smoke among non-smoking pregnant women in urban vietnam: the need for health literacy reinforcement. Int J Environ Res Publ Health 2020;17:3744. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17103744.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17103744"},{"key":"2026051215142328890_j_jpm-2024-0516_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rutayisire, E, Mochama, M, Ntihabose, CK, Utumatwishima, JN, Habtu, M. Maternal, obstetric and gynecological factors associated with preterm birth in Rwanda: findings from a national longitudinal study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023;23:365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-023-05653-y.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-023-05653-y"},{"key":"2026051215142328890_j_jpm-2024-0516_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Awawdi, K, Steiner, H, Green, MS, Zelber-Sagi, S. Association between second-hand smoking and acute coronary heart disease among Arab women with multiple risk factors. Eur J Publ Health 2016;26:141\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurpub\/ckv143.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckv143"},{"key":"2026051215142328890_j_jpm-2024-0516_ref_016","unstructured":"Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare. Health promotion administration annual report; 2022. https:\/\/www.hpa.gov.tw\/EngPages\/List.aspx?nodeid=1070 [Accessed 21 Aug 2024]."},{"key":"2026051215142328890_j_jpm-2024-0516_ref_017","unstructured":"Health promotion administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare. https:\/\/www.hpa.gov.tw\/EngPages\/Detail.aspx?nodeid=1052&pid=14660 [Accessed 20 Jul 2024]."},{"key":"2026051215142328890_j_jpm-2024-0516_ref_018","unstructured":"Ministry of Health and Welfare. \u201cLove\u201d smoking cessation\u00a0\u2013\u00a0protecting children\u2019s health and. Hum Right 2022. https:\/\/www.mohw.gov.tw\/cp-3159-24459-1.html [Accessed 21 Aug 2024]."},{"key":"2026051215142328890_j_jpm-2024-0516_ref_019","unstructured":"Ministry of Health and Welfare. Reproductive health of foreign spouses; 2023. https:\/\/www.hpa.gov.tw\/Pages\/ashx\/File.ashx?FilePath=\u223c\/File\/Attach\/7085\/File_6404.pdf [Accessed 21 Aug 2024]."},{"key":"2026051215142328890_j_jpm-2024-0516_ref_020","unstructured":"Ministry of Health and Welfare. Tobacco hazards prevention Act; 2023. https:\/\/www.hpa.gov.tw\/Pages\/Detail.aspx?nodeid=1060&pid=6057 [Accessed 21 Aug 2024]."},{"key":"2026051215142328890_j_jpm-2024-0516_ref_021","unstructured":"Chan, HL, Huang, WH, Chang, CC, Hwang, LC. Review of international medical staff smoking cessation training courses. Health Promot Res Pract 2019;2:11\u201323. (in Chinese)."},{"key":"2026051215142328890_j_jpm-2024-0516_ref_022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chamberlain, C, O\u2019Mara-Eves, A, Porter, J, Coleman, T, Perlen, SM, Thomas, J, et al.. Psychosocial interventions for supporting women to stop smoking in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017;2:CD001055. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD001055.pub5.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001055.pub5"},{"key":"2026051215142328890_j_jpm-2024-0516_ref_023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loukopoulou, AN, Vardavas, CI, Farmakides, G, Rosolymos, C, Chrelias, C, Tzatzarakis, M, et al.. Counselling for smoking cessation during pregnancy reduces tobacco-specific nitrosamine (NNAL) concentrations: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Midwifery 2018;2:14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18332\/ejm\/99546.","DOI":"10.18332\/ejm\/99546"},{"key":"2026051215142328890_j_jpm-2024-0516_ref_024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bentley, J, Passmore, E, Correll, P, McGuire, R. Demographic factors associated with smoking cessation during pregnancy in New South Wales, Australia, 2000\u20132011. BMC Public Health 2015;15:398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-015-1725-2.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1725-2"},{"key":"2026051215142328890_j_jpm-2024-0516_ref_025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonello, K, Figoni, H, Blanchard, E, Vignier, N, Avenin, G, Melchior, M, et al.. Prevalence of smoking during pregnancy and associated social inequalities in developed countries over the 1995-2020 period: a systematic review. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2023;37:555\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ppe.12989.","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12989"},{"key":"2026051215142328890_j_jpm-2024-0516_ref_026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diamanti, A, Galiatsatou, A, Sarantaki, A, Katsaounou, P, Varnakioti, D, Lykeridou, A. Barriers to smoking cessation and characteristics of pregnant smokers in Greece. Maedica (Bucur) 2021;16:405\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26574\/maedica.2021.16.3.405.","DOI":"10.26574\/maedica.2021.16.3.405"},{"key":"2026051215142328890_j_jpm-2024-0516_ref_027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, M-J, Lee, K-S. Maintenance of smoking cessation in Korean single mothers. BMC Womens Health 2021;21:292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12905-021-01426-x.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-021-01426-x"},{"key":"2026051215142328890_j_jpm-2024-0516_ref_028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dokuzcan, DA, Aydo\u011fdu, NG. Characteristics of smoking behavior among poor pregnant women in \u0130zmir, Turkey: a qualitative study. Turk Thorac J. 2021;22:217\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5152\/TurkThoracJ.2021.20046.","DOI":"10.5152\/TurkThoracJ.2021.20046"},{"key":"2026051215142328890_j_jpm-2024-0516_ref_029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maslowsky, J, Stritzel, H, Al-Hamoodah, L, Hendrick, CE, Powers, D, Barrientos-Gutierrez, T, et al.. Health behaviors and prenatal health conditions in repeat Vs first-time teenage mothers in the United\u00a0States: 2015-2018. J\u00a0Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2021;34:47\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.08.003.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.08.003"},{"key":"2026051215142328890_j_jpm-2024-0516_ref_030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taylor, AE, Richmond, RC, Palviainen, T, Loukola, A, Wootton, RE, Kaprio, J, et al.. The effect of body mass index on smoking behaviour and nicotine metabolism : a mendelian randomization study. Hum Mol Genet 2019;28:1322\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/hmg\/ddy434.","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddy434"},{"key":"2026051215142328890_j_jpm-2024-0516_ref_031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han, K, Kim, MK. Factors affecting high body weight variability. J\u00a0Obes Metab Syndr 2023;32:163\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7570\/jomes22063.","DOI":"10.7570\/jomes22063"},{"key":"2026051215142328890_j_jpm-2024-0516_ref_032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hochgraf, AK, Fosco, GM, Lanza, ST. Age-varying associations between attempts to lose weight and nicotine vaping across adolescence: results from a nationally representative sample. J\u00a0Adolesc Health 2023;72:352\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2022.10.009.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2022.10.009"},{"key":"2026051215142328890_j_jpm-2024-0516_ref_033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, W, Zhu, X, Hu, Z, Li, S, Zheng, B, Yu, Y, et al.. Association between secondhand smoke exposure in pregnant women and their socioeconomic status and its interaction with age: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022;22:695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-022-04968-6.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-022-04968-6"},{"key":"2026051215142328890_j_jpm-2024-0516_ref_034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nwosu, C, Angus, K, Cheeseman, H, Semple, S. Reducing secondhand smoke exposure among nonsmoking pregnant women: a systematic review. Nicotine Tob Res 2020;22:2127\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ntr\/ntaa089.","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntaa089"},{"key":"2026051215142328890_j_jpm-2024-0516_ref_035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Artzi-Medvedik, R, Mohamed, N, Chertok, IRA. Pregnant women\u2019s perception of secondhand smoke exposure. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs 2022;47:353\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/nmc.0000000000000863.","DOI":"10.1097\/NMC.0000000000000863"},{"key":"2026051215142328890_j_jpm-2024-0516_ref_036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Urquia, ML, Juarez, S, Wall-Wieler, E, Hjern, A. Smoking during pregnancy among immigrant women with same-origin and Swedish-born partners. Nicotine Tob Res 2021;23:349\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ntr\/ntaa145.","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntaa145"},{"key":"2026051215142328890_j_jpm-2024-0516_ref_037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Espejord, S, Auberg, SH, Kvitno, TK, Furskog-Risa, C, Lukasse, M. Norwegian community midwives\u2019 experience of interdisciplinary collaboration in care of pregnant women with vulnerabilities. Sex Reprod Healthc 2024;39:100951. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.srhc.2024.100951.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2024.100951"},{"key":"2026051215142328890_j_jpm-2024-0516_ref_038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dasc\u0103l, MD, Meghea, CI, Blaga, OM. A cross-section study of relationship characteristics and smoking cessation during pregnancy in a sample of Romanian pregnant women. Matern Child Health J 2020;24:1113\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10995-020-02898-3.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-020-02898-3"},{"key":"2026051215142328890_j_jpm-2024-0516_ref_039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chi, YC, Sha, F, Yip, PS, Chen, JL, Chen, YY. Randomized comparison of group versus individual educational interventions for pregnant women to reduce their secondhand smoke exposure. Medicine 2016;95:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/md.0000000000005072.","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000005072"}],"container-title":["Journal of Perinatal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpm-2024-0516\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpm-2024-0516\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T15:29:29Z","timestamp":1778599769000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpm-2024-0516\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/jpm-2024-0516"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jpm-2024-0516","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-5577","1619-3997"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-5577","type":"print"},{"value":"1619-3997","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]}}}