{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T06:59:34Z","timestamp":1780383574868,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754524800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2025-0004_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To investigate the potential relationship between\n                      <jats:italic>in\u00a0vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      fertility and cesarean delivery among nulliparous, term, singleton, vertex pregnancies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2025-0004_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Retrospective cohort study involving nulliparous, term, singleton, vertex patients who delivered between 1\/2019 and 12\/2022. The primary exposure was\n                      <jats:italic>in\u00a0vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      fertility. The primary outcome was cesarean delivery. Basic inferential statistics were performed using the chi-square test of association to examine relationships between categorical variables. A logistic regression was used to model the probability of cesarean delivery as a function of\n                      <jats:italic>in\u00a0vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      fertility. Odds ratios, and their associated 95\u202f% confidence interval (CI) were computed. An alpha value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2025-0004_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 36,703 pregnancies were included for analysis, of which 987 (2.69\u202f%) were conceived by\n                      <jats:italic>in\u00a0vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      fertility. The overall cesarean delivery rate was 29.27\u202f% (n=10,743). Using adjusted logistic regression,\n                      <jats:italic>in\u00a0vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      fertility was associated with 1.99\u00a0times the odds of cesarean delivery (95\u202f% CI 1.75\u20132.28) compared to non-in vitro fertility pregnancies. The most frequent indications among the IVF cohort were obstetrical (40.82\u202f%) and fetal (36.91\u202f%). A sub-analysis of those who underwent induction of labor found that\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      fertility was associated with 1.59\u00a0times the odds of cesarean delivery (95\u202f% CI 1.35\u20131.88) compared to non-in vitro fertility pregnancies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2025-0004_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      fertility is associated with higher rates of cesarean delivery in nulliparous, term, singleton, vertex pregnancies. Recognizing this association provides a foundation for future research and quality improvement measures to safely lower the nulliparous, term, singleton, vertex cesarean delivery rate and decrease risk to mother and infant among these highly desired pregnancies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2025-0004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T12:55:56Z","timestamp":1754484956000},"page":"1014-1022","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Association of\n                    <i>in\u00a0vitro<\/i>\n                    fertilization with cesarean delivery in nulliparous, term, singleton, vertex pregnancies"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5063-5345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel L.","family":"Solmonovich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwell , New Hyde Park , NY , USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , South Shore University Hospital , Bay Shore , NY , USA"},{"name":"Zucker School of Medicine , Hempstead , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwell , New Hyde Park , NY , USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , South Shore University Hospital , Bay Shore , NY , USA"},{"name":"Zucker School of Medicine , Hempstead , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwell , New Hyde Park , NY , USA"},{"name":"5799 Biostatistics Unit, Office of Academic Affairs, Northwell Health , New Hyde Park , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9245-0081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Insaf","family":"Kouba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine , Johns Hopkins All Children\u2019s Hospital , Saint Petersburg , FL , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwell , New Hyde Park , NY , USA"},{"name":"Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell , Hempstead , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randi H.","family":"Goldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwell , New Hyde Park , NY , USA"},{"name":"Zucker School of Medicine , Hempstead , NY , USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , North Shore University Hospital , Manhasset , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5534-6928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Blitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwell , New Hyde Park , NY , USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , South Shore University Hospital , Bay Shore , NY , USA"},{"name":"Zucker School of Medicine , Hempstead , NY , USA"},{"name":"5799 Institute of Health Systems Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health , Manhasset , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026051215163780092_j_jpm-2025-0004_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clark, LS, Belfort, AM, Dildy, AG, Herbst, AM, Meyers, AJ, Hankins, DG. 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