{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T10:24:12Z","timestamp":1787826252384,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2025-0099_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the incidence of hypervitaminosis D in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants and any associated maternal or neonatal factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2025-0099_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this single center retrospective study, we studied serum vitamin D (25[OH]D) levels, maternal and neonatal demographic and clinical factors. We included VLBW infants (\u226432\u202fweeks gestational age (GA) and\u00a0\u22641,500\u202fg birthweight, n\u00a0=\u00a0130) born between 2021 and 2023. VLBWs receive 400\u202fIU\/day cholecalciferol once TPN is discontinued. Hypervitaminosis D was defined as 25[OH]D levels &gt;60\u202fng\/mL. We considered 11 variables with plausibility to influence this outcome. Variables with p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.20 in univariate logistic regression were entered into a multivariable logistic model to assess associations with the primary outcome. A linear mixed model assessed the association between calcium and 25[OH]D levels, with time as a fixed effect and subject as a random effect.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2025-0099_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>63 VLBWs (48\u202f%) developed hypervitaminosis D. Maternal age &gt; 35\u202fyears (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.2, 95\u202f% CI 0.96\u20135.06) associated with excess 25[OH]D approached statistical significance (p\u00a0=\u00a00.06). Our findings indicate that in GA\u00a0\u2265\u00a028\u202fweeks (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.77, 95\u202f% CI 0.64\u20130.92) and maternal hypertension (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.32, 95\u202f% CI 0.14\u20130.73) were associated with reduced likelihood of hypervitaminosis\u00a0D.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2025-0099_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>25[OH]D supplementation of 400\u202fIU\/day in VLBWs is associated with a high incidence of hypervitaminosis D. The above findings reveal a significant effect of maternal demographic and clinical factors on newborn metabolic health. Further work is needed to identify causes of hypervitaminosis D. Long term prospective studies are needed to understand the impact of hypervitaminosis D in VLBWs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2025-0099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T10:55:46Z","timestamp":1766141746000},"page":"623-629","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Incidence and predictors of high vitamin D in premature infants with very low birth weight"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8764-8576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Logan B.","family":"Greenblatt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics , 7601 Cohen Children\u2019s Medical Center at Staten Island University Hospital\u2014North, Northwell Health , Staten Island , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitre G.","family":"Stefanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Unit, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research , Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, Northwell Health , Manhasset , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology , 7601 Cohen Children\u2019s Medical Center at Staten Island University Hospital\u2014North, Northwell Health , Staten Island , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8115-0697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Blau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology , 7601 Cohen Children\u2019s Medical Center at Staten Island University Hospital\u2014North, Northwell Health , Staten Island , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shachee P.","family":"Pandya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology , 7601 Cohen Children\u2019s Medical Center at Staten Island University Hospital\u2014North, Northwell Health , Staten Island , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026051215133561969_j_jpm-2025-0099_ref_001","unstructured":"Darrow, DC. Infant nutrition. a textbook of infant feeding for students and practitioners of medicine. Yale J Biol Med 1941;3:155\u20139."},{"key":"2026051215133561969_j_jpm-2025-0099_ref_002","unstructured":"Aldrich, C, Aldrich, M. Babies are human beings: an interpretation of growth. New York: Macmillan Company; 1938."},{"key":"2026051215133561969_j_jpm-2025-0099_ref_003","unstructured":"Institute of Medicine (US) Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes. Dietary reference intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, vitamin D, and Fluoride. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 1997."},{"key":"2026051215133561969_j_jpm-2025-0099_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gartner, LM, Greer, FR. Prevention of rickets and vitamin D deficiency: new guidelines for vitamin D intake. 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