{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T13:30:20Z","timestamp":1789047020201,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2025-0653_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) may initially present with prominent respiratory symptoms that resemble primary pulmonary disease, particularly in late pregnancy and the early postpartum period. In clinical practice, this presentation often triggers alternative diagnostic pathways, introducing delay at a time when rapid cardiac assessment is critical. Although respiratory-dominant presentations are repeatedly described across case-based and observational reports, they have not been systematically examined as a distinct diagnostic pathway within the PPCM literature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2025-0653_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Content<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This PRISMA-guided systematic review synthesized evidence relating to respiratory-onset presentations of PPCM. Major databases and registers were searched comprehensively. Following screening of 589 records and full-text assessment of 145 reports, 49 studies met inclusion criteria. Twenty studies were qualitatively prioritized for narrative synthesis using ROBIS-informed methodological appraisal. Evidence was examined across diagnostic misclassification patterns, cardiopulmonary mechanisms, differential diagnoses, investigative strategies, and acute and longitudinal management considerations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2025-0653_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Respiratory-led presentations were commonly misattributed to asthma, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, or perioperative causes, with diagnostic delay frequently reported. Across heterogeneous study designs, cardiogenic pulmonary edema with left-ventricular systolic dysfunction emerged as a recurring unifying mechanism. Early use of echocardiography, natriuretic peptides, and targeted imaging consistently aided differentiation from primary respiratory pathology. Severe clinical deterioration was often described in the context of delayed recognition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2025-0653_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Outlook<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Respiratory-onset PPCM represents a high-risk diagnostic pathway rather than a discrete disease entity. Prospective registries, standardized diagnostic algorithms, and closer integration of obstetric and cardiopulmonary care are needed to refine early recognition and improve maternal outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2025-0653","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T03:57:45Z","timestamp":1780286265000},"page":"1069-1086","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Respiratory-onset peripartum cardiomyopathy: a systematic review of diagnostic pitfalls and clinical outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9062-8501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wiku","family":"Andonotopo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetomaternal Division, Women Health Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Eka Hospital , Tangerang , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1710-3909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Adrianes","family":"Bachnas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetomaternal Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty of Sebelas Maret University , Sebelas Maret University Hospital , Surakarta , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wisnu","family":"Prabowo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetomaternal Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty of Sebelas Maret University , Sebelas Maret University Hospital , Surakarta , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric Edwin","family":"Yuliantara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetomaternal Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty of Sebelas Maret University , Sebelas Maret University Hospital , Surakarta , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mochammad Besari","family":"Adi Pramono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetomaternal Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty of Diponegoro University , Dr. Kariadi Hospital , Semarang , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Dewantiningrum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetomaternal Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty of Diponegoro University , Dr. Kariadi Hospital , Semarang , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Efendi","family":"Lukas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetomaternal Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine , Hasanuddin University , Makassar , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I Nyoman","family":"Hariyasa Sanjaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine , Udayana University, Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah General Hospital , Bali , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anak Agung","family":"Gede Putra Wiradnyana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine , Udayana University, Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah General Hospital , Bali , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anak Agung","family":"Ngurah Jaya Kusuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine , Udayana University, Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah General Hospital , Bali , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan Saktika","family":"Mulyana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine , Udayana University, Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah General Hospital , Bali , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khanisyah Erza","family":"Gumilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine , Airlangga University, Dr. Soetomo Hospital , Surabaya , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernawati","family":"Darmawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine , Airlangga University, Dr. Soetomo Hospital , Surabaya , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Ilham","family":"Aldika Akbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine , Airlangga University, Dr. Soetomo Hospital , Surabaya , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dovy","family":"Djanas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetomaternal Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine , Andalas University, M. Djamil General Hospital , Padang , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dudy","family":"Aldiansyah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetomaternal Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine , Sumatera Utara University, H. Adam Malik General Hospital , Medan , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aloysius","family":"Suryawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetomaternal Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine , Maranatha Christian University , Bandung , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ridwan Abdullah","family":"Putra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetomaternal Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine , Maranatha Christian University , Bandung , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita Deborah","family":"Anwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine , Padjajaran University, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital , Bandung , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cut Meurah","family":"Yeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine , Syiah Kuala University, Dr. Zainoel Abidin General Hospital , Aceh , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuswil","family":"Bernolian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine , Sriwijaya University, Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital , Palembang , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry Kurniawan","family":"Gondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine , Wijayakusuma University , Surabaya , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1495-5293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laksmana Adi","family":"Krista Nugraha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , Universitas Diponegoro , Semarang , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2181-3442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waskita Ekamaheswara","family":"Kasumba Andanaputra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Undergraduate Program in Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine , Padjajaran University , Bandung , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wibisana Andika","family":"Krista Dharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Undergraduate Program in Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine , Gajah Mada University , Yogyakarta , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sri","family":"Sulistyowati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetomaternal Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty of Sebelas Maret University , Sebelas Maret University Hospital , Surakarta , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milan","family":"Stanojevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology and Rare Diseases , Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asim","family":"Kurjak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Medical School University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026091012590220145_j_jpm-2025-0653_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Afari, H, Sheehan, M, Reza, N. 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Peripartum cardiomyopathy. Cardiol Clin 2021;39:119\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccl.2020.09.008.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2020.09.008"},{"key":"2026091012590220145_j_jpm-2025-0653_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El ghadbane Abdedaim, H, el abidine Benali, Z, Omari, D, Mohammed, D, Hicham, B, Charki, H. Peri-partum cardiomyopathy in a pregnant woman at term revealed by acute pulmonary edema: what to do in front this catastrophic situation? Pan Afr Med J 2014;18:29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11604\/pamj.2014.18.29.3782.","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2014.18.29.3782"},{"key":"2026091012590220145_j_jpm-2025-0653_ref_017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ersb\u00f8ll, AS, Damm, P, Gustafsson, F, Vejlstrup, NG, Johansen, M. Peripartum cardiomyopathy: a systematic literature review. 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