{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T13:11:50Z","timestamp":1789564310791,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2026-0426_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vasoproliferative retinal disorder of preterm infants, characterized by disrupted retinal vascular development and abnormal neovascularization that result from preterm birth and supplemental oxygen exposure. It is a leading cause of preventable childhood blindness. Laser photocoagulation is a common treatment, but there is no evidence-based consensus on the most appropriate sedation method for this procedure. This study aimed to determine if deep sedation with propofol and fentanyl during laser photocoagulation for ROP is safe and effective while minimizing the side effects of general anesthesia in a vulnerable population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2026-0426_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively analyzed preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit at a tertiary care medical center who underwent deep sedation with propofol and fentanyl administered by pediatric intensivists during retinal ablation for ROP. The primary outcome was change in vital signs from pre- to post-procedure; secondary outcomes were adverse events, including death, apnea, and emergent airway intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2026-0426_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nine preterm infants were identified. Gestational age ranged from 22 to 28\u202fweeks, and median weight at the time of the procedure was 4,000\u202fg (range 1,860\u20136,500). Median sedation time was 117\u202fmin (range 85\u2013188). Vital signs remained stable from pre- to post-procedure (p&gt;0.05 for all). Three patients experienced adverse events: one apnea and two emergent airway interventions. No patient required intubation or mechanical ventilation, and photocoagulation was completed in all\u00a0cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpm-2026-0426_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Deep sedation with propofol and fentanyl may be effective to control pain during retinal ablation for treatment of ROP for patients with low pre-operative risk. Prospective studies should be conducted to further assess efficacy and safety and to improve the standard of\u00a0care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2026-0426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T12:55:55Z","timestamp":1789563355000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Propofol and fentanyl for laser photocoagulation in non-intubated preterm infants with retinopathy of prematurity"],"prefix":"10.1515","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0109-0912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Tumberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine , University of Kansas School of Medicine , Kansas City , KS , USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care , The University of Kansas Health System , Kansas City , KS , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chelsey","family":"Schartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine , University of Kansas School of Medicine , Kansas City , KS , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katelyn","family":"McKenzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Bugada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics , Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Travis","family":"Langner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care , The University of Kansas Health System , Kansas City , KS , USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care , University of Missouri School of Medicine , Columbia , MO , USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics , Washington University , Saint Louis , MO , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hammad","family":"Ganatra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care , The University of Kansas Health System , Kansas City , KS , USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care , Cleveland Clinic Lerner School of Medicine , Cleveland , OH , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shawn","family":"Sood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care , The University of Kansas Health System , Kansas City , KS , USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care , University of Missouri School of Medicine , Columbia , MO , USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics , Washington University , Saint Louis , MO , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026091612555114239_j_jpm-2026-0426_ref_001","unstructured":"Hashemieh, M, Nassiri, N. Retinopathy of prematurity: a brief review of literature. J\u00a0Ophthalmic Optom Sci 2017;1:29\u201335."},{"key":"2026091612555114239_j_jpm-2026-0426_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, SJ, Port, AD, Swan, R, Campbell, JP, Chan, RVP, Chiang, MF. Retinopathy of prematurity: a review of risk factors and their clinical significance. Surv Ophthalmol 2018;63:618\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.survophthal.2018.04.002.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2018.04.002"},{"key":"2026091612555114239_j_jpm-2026-0426_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, J-B, Strauss, R, Luo, X-Q, Nie, C, Wang, Y-L, Zhang, J-W, et al.. Anaesthesia modalities during laser photocoagulation for retinopathy of prematurity: a retrospective, longitudinal study. 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