{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T10:49:10Z","timestamp":1782211750892,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jtim-2015-0017_s_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tuberculosis (TB) and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have reached epidemic proportions in our country. This study was undertaken to know the seroprevalence of HIV infection among TB patients and to evaluate the various clinical features of TB in seropositive and seronegative patients. This study was undertaken in Vijayanagara Institute of Medical Sciences, Bellary. It was cross-sectional comparative observational study conducted from December 2010 to May 2012.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jtim-2015-0017_s_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 100 consecutive patients diagnosed with TB satisfying inclusion criteria were selected for the study. All patients went through a detailed evaluation along with testing for HIV seroprevalence. Chi-square and Student\u2019s t-tests used to find the significance between two groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jtim-2015-0017_s_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The overall HIV seroprevalence among TB patients was 8%. Seroprevalence was highest in the age group between 31 and 40 years at 29.41% (odds ratio [OR] = 11.11, P = 0.003). It was found that seropositive TB patients were more likely to present with significant weight loss (OR = 19.25, P= 0.000), and have lymphadenopathy OR = 13.24, P = 0.002) and oral candidiasis (OR = 49.44, P = 0.000) on examination. Bilateral chest radiographic involvement (OR = 57.40, P = 0.000) and the disseminated variety of the disease (OR = 29.67, P = 0.001) are also more probable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jtim-2015-0017_s_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence is quite high among TB patients in Bellary. During the evaluation of TB patients, the possibility of HIV co-infection should be kept in mind, and thus adequate knowledge of the likely clinical features is absolutely necessary.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jtim-2015-0017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,5]],"date-time":"2016-12-05T05:22:28Z","timestamp":1480915348000},"page":"130-135","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection among tuberculosis patients at tertiary care combined hospital"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Rakesh","family":"Basavareddy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Basaveshwara Medical College and Hospital , Chitradurga , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asha","family":"Basavareddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College , Kolar , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shimoga Laxman","family":"Ravi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Vijayanagara Institute of Medical Sciences , Bellary , Karnataka , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bilagumba Ramu","family":"Kiran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Vijayanagara Institute of Medical Sciences , Bellary , Karnataka , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gadwalkar R.","family":"Srikant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Vijayanagara Institute of Medical Sciences , Bellary , Karnataka , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026062310095807553_j_--_ref_001","unstructured":"Grange JM, Zumla AI. Tuberculosis. In: Cook GC, Alimuddin IZ, editors. Manson\u2019s Tropical Diseases.Saunders Elsevier; 2008. pp. 995-1052."},{"key":"2026062310095807553_j_--_ref_002","unstructured":"Sharma SK, Mohan A, Kadhiravan T. HIV-TB co-infection: Epidemiology, diagnosis & management. Indian J Med Res 2005;121:550-67."},{"key":"2026062310095807553_j_--_ref_003","unstructured":"Gray SM. Tuberculosis and the human immunodeficiency virus infection. In: Rom WN Gray SM editors. Tuberculosis. 2nd ed. Boston: Little Brown and Company Inc.; 2008. p. 443-65."},{"key":"2026062310095807553_j_--_ref_004","unstructured":"Samuel NM, Alamelu C, Jagannath K, Rajan B. Detection of HIV infection in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. J Indian Med Assoc 1996;94:331-3."},{"key":"2026062310095807553_j_--_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Slotar D, Escalante P, Jones BE. Pulmonary manifestations of HIV\/ AIDS in the tropics. Clin Chest Med 2002;23:355-67.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-5231(01)00003-X"},{"key":"2026062310095807553_j_--_ref_006","unstructured":"Harries A, Maher D, Graham S. TB\/HIV A Clinical Manual. 2nd ed. Geneva: \u00a9 World Health Organization; 2004. p. 11."},{"key":"2026062310095807553_j_--_ref_007","unstructured":"Khatri GR. The Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program. A status report on the first 1,00,000 patients. Indian J Tuberc 1999;46:157-66."},{"key":"2026062310095807553_j_--_ref_008","unstructured":"G.Kulkarni,V.S.Kavishwar,A.R.Chogle,etal.SeroprevalenceofHuman Immunodeficiency virusinfectioninaninfectiousdisease hospital. JAPI 2010;48;1160-1163."},{"key":"2026062310095807553_j_--_ref_009","unstructured":"Ramachandran R, Datta M, Subramani R, Baskaran G, Paramasivan CN, Swaminathan S. Seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among tuberculosis patients in Tamil Nadu. 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Changing trend of HIV infection and tuberculosis in a Bombay area since 1988. Indian J Tuberc 1995;42:117-20."}],"container-title":["Journal of Translational Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/content.sciendo.com\/view\/journals\/jtim\/3\/3\/article-p130.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jtim-2015-0017\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jtim-2015-0017\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T10:18:28Z","timestamp":1782209908000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jtim-2015-0017\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/jtim-2015-0017"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jtim-2015-0017","relation":{},"ISSN":["2224-4018"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2224-4018","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]}}}