{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T15:33:03Z","timestamp":1788363183381,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jtim-2026-0034_s_008\">\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate whether stratifying participants with prediabetes using the Scottish tree model could identify their risks of developing diabetes and related outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jtim-2026-0034_s_009\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The current study enrolled subjects with prediabetes at baseline from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study and the Chinese follow-up cohort, comprising 10,165 and 4,090 participants, respectively. We assigned individuals to the Scottish tree using the mapping function based on nine phenotypic variables, including HbA1c, BMI, blood lipids, liver enzyme, creatinine, and blood pressure. Cox proportional hazards regression models were utilized to assess the relationships between dimensions on the tree and future diabetes, renal and cardiovascular diseases, and death from all causes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jtim-2026-0034_s_010\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings showed that individuals in the upper-right branch of the tree exhibited the increased risk of progression to subclinical atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, microalbuminuria, and all-cause mortality, potentially linked to elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and body fat percentage. Individuals in the right part of the tree were more likely to progress to the onset of type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease, which was possibly associated with insulin resistance, triglycerides, and blood pressure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jtim-2026-0034_s_011\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The phenotypic tree model could be incorporated into future risk stratification and treatment plans to better benefit individuals with prediabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jtim-2026-0034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T21:33:34Z","timestamp":1777498414000},"page":"413-422","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Subphenotyping of prediabetes with a phenotypic tree model and its correlations with outcomes: Insights from two Chinese cohorts"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China"},{"name":"Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Management Institute, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zijian","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China"},{"name":"Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guogang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Management Institute, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaixin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2567-1439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qi","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China"},{"name":"Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5896-2793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weihao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2609-8387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lixin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026070107013750126_j_jtim-2026-0034_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tab\u00e1k AG, Herder C, Rathmann W, Brunner EJ, Kivim\u00e4ki M. 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