{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T18:12:03Z","timestamp":1790187123887,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jtim-2026-0047_s_006\">\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The association between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and brain function remains unclear. We conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the possible causal relationships between them.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jtim-2026-0047_s_007\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed bidirectional MR analysis using genome-wide association study data from IBS and 191 brain resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) traits. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals was used to estimate the causal effects. Enrichment analyses were further conducted on genes corresponding to involved single nucleotide polymorphisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jtim-2026-0047_s_008\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In forward analysis, IBS potentially increased the connectivity between postcentral\/ precentral gyrus and cerebellum (OR = 1.15,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.014), and decreased the connectivity between occipital\/precuneus and superior frontal lobe (OR = 0.87,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.037), as well as the connectivity between cerebellum and subcortical region (OR = 0.86,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.017). In reverse analysis, increased neural activity in parietal\/postcentral\/precuneus region was potentially negatively associated with IBS (OR = 0.93,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.036); the connectivity between cerebellum and subcortical region (OR = 1.16,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.042) was potentially positively associated with IBS; the connectivity between cerebellum and precentral\/frontal\/superior motor area (OR = 0.85,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.032), calcarine\/lingual and paracentral gyrus (OR = 0.88,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.031), postcentral\/precentral and subcortical region (OR = 0.89,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.019) were potentially negatively associated with IBS. The abnormally connected brain networks mainly included subcortical-cerebellum, motor, default mode and attention networks. Enrichment analyses demonstrated that the genes were mainly enriched in cell junctions and long-term potentiation pathways.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jtim-2026-0047_s_009\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings provided suggestive evidence for several causal relationship between IBS and rsfMRI phenotypes, in which, cerebellum, subcortical regions, postcentral and precentral gyrus played important roles. These putative causal relationships warrant further validation in independent, ideally larger-scale datasets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jtim-2026-0047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T16:07:53Z","timestamp":1781453273000},"page":"423-435","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Causal relationships between irritable bowel syndrome and brain functional networks: A Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ruqiao","family":"Duan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing , China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Helicobacter pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing , China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Helicobacter pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siqi","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing , China"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingling","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing , China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Helicobacter pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing , China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Helicobacter pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongmei","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing , China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Helicobacter pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2194-4815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing , China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Helicobacter pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6886-6888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liping","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing , China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Helicobacter pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ford AC, Sperber AD, Corsetti M, Camilleri M. Irritable bowel syndrome. Lancet 2020;396:1675-1688.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31548-8"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sperber AD, Bangdiwala SI, Drossman DA, Ghoshal UC, Simren M, Tack J, et al. Worldwide Prevalence and Burden of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Results of Rome Foundation Global Study. Gastroenterology 2021;160:99-114.e113.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.04.014"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Black CJ, Ford AC. Global burden of irritable bowel syndrome: trends, predictions and risk factors. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020;17:473-486.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-0286-8"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li Z, Ma Q, Deng Y, Rolls ET, Shen C, Li Y, et al. Irritable Bowel Syndrome Is Associated With Brain Health by Neuroimaging, Behavioral, Biochemical, and Genetic Analyses. Biol Psychiatry 2024;95:1122-1132.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2023.12.024"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Staudacher HM, Mikocka-Walus A, Ford AC. Common mental disorders in irritable bowel syndrome: pathophysiology, management, and considerations for future randomised controlled trials. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021;6:401-410.","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(20)30363-0"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mayer EA, Ryu HJ, Bhatt RR. The neurobiology of irritable bowel syndrome. Mol Psychiatry 2023;28:1451-1465.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-01972-w"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raimondo L, Oliveira \u0139 AF, Heij J, Priovoulos N, Kundu P, Leoni RF, et al. Advances in resting state fMRI acquisitions for functional connectomics. Neuroimage 2021;243:118503.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118503"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nistic\u00f2 V, Rossi RE, D\u2019Arrigo AM, Priori A, Gambini O, Demartini B. Functional Neuroimaging in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review Highlights Common Brain Alterations With Functional Movement Disorders. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022;28:185-203.","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm21079"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Su C, Liu W, Wang Q, Qiu S, Li M, Lv Y, et al. Abnormal resting-state local spontaneous functional activity in irritable bowel syndrome patients: A meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2022;302:177-184.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.01.075"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao M, Hao Z, Li M, Xi H, Hu S, Wen J, et al. Functional changes of default mode network and structural alterations of gray matter in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a meta-analysis of whole-brain studies. Front Neurosci 2023;17:1236069.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1236069"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weng Y, Qi R, Liu C, Ke J, Xu Q, Wang F, et al. Disrupted functional connectivity density in irritable bowel syndrome patients. Brain Imaging Behav 2017;11:1812-1822.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-016-9653-z"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanderson E, Glymour MM, Holmes MV, Kang H, Morrison J, Munaf\u00f2 MR, et al. Mendelian randomization. Nat Rev Methods Primers 2022;2:6.","DOI":"10.1038\/s43586-021-00092-5"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burgess S, Foley CN, Allara E, Staley JR, Howson JMM. A robust and efficient method for Mendelian randomization with hundreds of genetic variants. Nat Commun 2020;11:376.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-14156-4"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eijsbouts C, Zheng T, Kennedy NA, Bonfiglio F, Anderson CA, Moutsianas L, et al. Genome-wide analysis of 53,400 people with irritable bowel syndrome highlights shared genetic pathways with mood and anxiety disorders. Nat Genet 2021;53:1543-1552.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00950-8"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao B, Li T, Smith SM, Xiong D, Wang X, Yang Y, et al. Common variants contribute to intrinsic human brain functional networks. Nat Genet 2022;54:508-517.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01039-6"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Skrivankova VW, Richmond RC, Woolf BAR, Yarmolinsky J, Davies NM, Swanson SA, et al. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Using Mendelian Randomization: The STROBE-MR Statement. JAMA 2021;326:1614-1621.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.18236"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_017","unstructured":"Grasby KL, Jahanshad N, Painter JN, Colodro-Conde L, Bralten J, Hibar DP, et al. The genetic architecture of the human cerebral cortex. Science 2020;367(6484):eaay6690."},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen K, Mitchell BD. A Guide to Understanding Mendelian Randomization Studies. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2024;76:1451-1460.","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25400"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu Z, Ning F, Zhang X, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Guo Y, et al. Deciphering the brain-gut axis: elucidating the link between cerebral cortex structures and functional gastrointestinal disorders via integrated Mendelian randomization. Front Neurosci 2024;18:1398412.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2024.1398412"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang Q, Hu S, Qi L, Wang X, Jin G, Wu D, et al. Causal associations between sleep traits and brain structure: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Behav Brain Funct 2023;19:17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12993-023-00220-z"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burgess S, Thompson SG. Avoiding bias from weak instruments in Mendelian randomization studies. Int J Epidemiol 2011;40:755-764.","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyr036"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo J, Yu K, Dong SS, Yao S, Rong Y, Wu H, et al. Mendelian randomization analyses support causal relationships between brain imaging-derived phenotypes and risk of psychiatric disorders. Nat Neurosci 2022;25:1519-1527.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-022-01174-7"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gong J, Wang J, Qiu S, Chen P, Luo Z, Wang J, et al. Common and distinct patterns of intrinsic brain activity alterations in major depression and bipolar disorder: voxel-based meta-analysis. Transl Psychiatry 2020;10:353.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-01036-5"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zugman A, Jett L, Antonacci C, Winkler AM, Pine DS. A systematic review and meta-analysis of resting-state fMRI in anxiety disorders: Need for data sharing to move the field forward. J Anxiety Disord 2023;99:102773.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2023.102773"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Zhu F, Liu X, Chen W, et al. Dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep are associated with regional homogeneity of left inferior occidental gyrus in primary insomnia patients: a preliminary resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Sleep Med 2021;81:188-193.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.02.039"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verbanck M, Chen CY, Neale B, Do R. Detection of widespread horizontal pleiotropy in causal relationships inferred from Mendelian randomization between complex traits and diseases. Nat Genet 2018;50:693-698.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0099-7"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burgess S, Butterworth A, Thompson SG. Mendelian randomization analysis with multiple genetic variants using summarized data. Genet Epidemiol 2013;37:658-665.","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21758"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bowden J, Davey Smith G, Burgess S. Mendelian randomization with invalid instruments: effect estimation and bias detection through Egger regression. Int J Epidemiol 2015;44:512-525.","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv080"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bowden J, Davey Smith G, Haycock PC, Burgess S. Consistent Estimation in Mendelian Randomization with Some Invalid Instruments Using a Weighted Median Estimator. Genet Epidemiol 2016;40:304-314.","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21965"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hartwig FP, Davey Smith G, Bowden J. Robust inference in summary data Mendelian randomization via the zero modal pleiotropy assumption. Int J Epidemiol 2017;46:1985-1998.","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyx102"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mu C, Dang X, Luo XJ. Mendelian randomization analyses reveal causal relationships between brain functional networks and risk of psychiatric disorders. Nat Hum Behav 2024;8:1417-1428.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-024-01879-8"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng H, Wang S, Wang M, Ye Y, Xue E, Chen X, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular diseases: A Mendelian randomization study. Metabolism 2022;133:155220.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2022.155220"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pabla BS, Schwartz DA. Assessing Severity of Disease in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2020;49:671-688.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2020.08.003"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raudvere U, Kolberg L, Kuzmin I, Arak T, Adler P, Peterson H, et al. g:Profiler: a web server for functional enrichment analysis and conversions of gene lists (2019 update). Nucleic Acids Res 2019;47:w191-w198.","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz369"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mu H, Chen J, Huang W, Huang G, Deng M, Hong S, et al. OmicShare tools: A zero-code interactive online platform for biological data analysis and visualization. Imeta 2024;3:e228.","DOI":"10.1002\/imt2.228"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Margolis KG, Cryan JF, Mayer EA. The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: From Motility to Mood. Gastroenterology 2021;160:1486-1501.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.10.066"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu G, Li S, Chen N, Zhao Z, Guo M, Liu H, et al. Inter-hemispheric Functional Connections Are More Vulnerable to Attack Than Structural Connection in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021;27:426-435.","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm20134"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rudolph S, Badura A, Lutzu S, Pathak SS, Thieme A, Verpeut JL, et al. Cognitive-Affective Functions of the Cerebellum. J Neurosci 2023;43:7554-7564.","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1451-23.2023"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pierce JE, Thomasson M, Voruz P, Selosse G, P\u00e9ron J. Explicit and Implicit Emotion Processing in the Cerebellum: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review. Cerebellum 2023;22:852-864.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-022-01459-4"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li CN, Keay KA, Henderson LA, Mychasiuk R. Re-examining the Mysterious Role of the Cerebellum in Pain. J Neurosci 2024;44(17):e1538232024.","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1538-23.2024"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Claassen J, Koenen LR, Ernst TM, Labrenz F, Theysohn N, Forsting M, et al. Cerebellum is more concerned about visceral than somatic pain. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020;91:218-219.","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2019-321025"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun L, Zhang A, Liang F. Time-varying dynamic Bayesian network learning for an fMRI study of emotion processing. Stat Med 2024;43:2713-2733.","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.10096"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao W, Chen Y, Cui D, Zhu C, Jiao Q, Su L, et al. Alterations of subcortical structure volume in pediatric bipolar disorder patients with manic or depressive first-episode. BMC Psychiatry 2024;24:762.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-024-06208-x"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Catani M, Dell\u2019acqua F, Thiebaut de Schotten M. A revised limbic system model for memory, emotion and behaviour. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013;37:1724-1737.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.07.001"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weaver KR, Sherwin LB, Walitt B, Melkus GD, Henderson WA. Neuroimaging the brain-gut axis in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2016;7:320-333.","DOI":"10.4292\/wjgpt.v7.i2.320"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hobday DI, Aziz Q, Thacker N, Hollander I, Jackson A, Thompson DG. A study of the cortical processing of ano-rectal sensation using functional MRI. Brain 2001;124:361-368.","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.2.361"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_047","unstructured":"Baciu MV, Bonaz BL, Papillon E, Bost RA, Le Bas JF, Fournet J, et al. Central processing of rectal pain: a functional MR imaging study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1999;20:1920-1924."},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeng F, Qin W, Liang F, Liu J, Tang Y, Liu X, et al. Abnormal resting brain activity in patients with functional dyspepsia is related to symptom severity. Gastroenterology 2011;141:499-506.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.05.003"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Finn ES, Shen X, Scheinost D, Rosenberg MD, Huang J, Chun MM, et al. Functional connectome fingerprinting: identifying individuals using patterns of brain connectivity. Nat Neurosci 2015;18:1664-1671.","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4135"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mayer EA, Labus J, Aziz Q, Tracey I, Kilpatrick L, Elsenbruch S, et al. Role of brain imaging in disorders of brain-gut interaction: a Rome Working Team Report. Gut 2019;68:1701-1715.","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-318308"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clark SV, Semmel ES, Aleksonis HA, Steinberg SN, King TZ. Cerebellar-Subcortical-Cortical Systems as Modulators of Cognitive Functions. Neuropsychol Rev 2021;31:422-446.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-020-09465-1"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han S, Zheng R, Li S, Zhou B, Jiang Y, Fang K, et al. Resolving heterogeneity in depression using individualized structural covariance network analysis. Psychol Med 2023;53:5312-5321.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291722002380"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han S, Xue K, Chen Y, Xu Y, Li S, Song X, et al. Identification of shared and distinct patterns of brain network abnormality across mental disorders through individualized structural covariance network analysis. Psychol Med 2023;53:6780-6791.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291723000302"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kolesar TA, Kornelsen J, Smith SD. Separating neural activity associated with emotion and implied motion: An fMRI study. Emotion 2017;17:131-140.","DOI":"10.1037\/emo0000209"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grinsvall C, Ryu HJ, Van Oudenhove L, Labus JS, Gupta A, Ljungberg M, et al. Association between pain sensitivity and gray matter properties in the sensorimotor network in women with irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021;33:e14027.","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14027"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li J, He P, Lu X, Guo Y, Liu M, Li G, et al. A Resting-state Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Whole-brain Functional Connectivity of Voxel Levels in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Depressive Symptoms. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021;27:248-256.","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm20209"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smallwood J, Bernhardt BC, Leech R, Bzdok D, Jefferies E, Margulies DS. The default mode network in cognition: a topographical perspective. Nat Rev Neurosci 2021;22:503-513.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-021-00474-4"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Skrobisz K, Piotrowicz G, Naumczyk P, Sabisz A, Markiet K, Rydzewska G, et al. Imaging of Morphological Background in Selected Functional and Inflammatory Gastrointestinal Diseases in fMRI. Front Psychiatry 2020;11:461.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00461"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qi R, Ke J, Schoepf UJ, Varga-Szemes A, Milliken CM, Liu C, et al. Topological Reorganization of the Default Mode Network in Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Mol Neurobiol 2016;53:6585-6593.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-015-9558-7"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hubbard CS, Hong J, Jiang Z, Ebrat B, Suyenobu B, Smith S, et al. Increased attentional network functioning related to symptom severity measures in females with irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015;27:1282-1294.","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12622"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JohnBritto JS, Di Ciaula A, Noto A, Cassano V, Sciacqua A, Khalil M, et al. Gender-specific insights into the irritable bowel syndrome pathophysiology. Focus on gut dysbiosis and permeability. Eur J Intern Med 2024;125:10-18.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.03.011"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barbaro MR, Cremon C, Marasco G, Savarino E, Guglielmetti S, Bonomini F, et al. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Loss of Vascular and Epithelial Integrity in Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Gastroenterology 2024;167:1152-1166.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2024.07.004"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costea L, M\u00e9sz\u00e1ros \u00c1, Bauer H, Bauer HC, Traweger A, Wilhelm I, et al. The Blood-Brain Barrier and Its Intercellular Junctions in Age-Related Brain Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2019;20:5472.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20215472"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u00fcdhof TC. Towards an Understanding of Synapse Formation. Neuron 2018;100:276-293.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.09.040"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caya-Bissonnette L, B\u00e9\u00efque JC. Half a century legacy of long-term potentiation. Curr Biol 2024;34:r640-r662.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2024.05.008"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu SB, Zhang MM, Cheng LF, Shi J, Lu JS, Zhuo M. Long-term upregulation of cortical glutamatergic AMPA receptors in a mouse model of chronic visceral pain. Mol Brain 2015;8:76.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13041-015-0169-z"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang L, Song J, Bai T, Wang R, Hou X. Sustained pain hypersensitivity in the stressed colon: Role of mast cell-derived nerve growth factor-mediated enteric synaptic plasticity. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018;30:e13430.","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13430"},{"key":"2026070107013754479_j_jtim-2026-0047_ref_068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lv PR, Su YS, He W, Wang XY, Shi H, Zhang XN, et al. Electroacupuncture Alleviated Referral Hindpaw Hyperalgesia via Suppressing Spinal Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) in TNBS-Induced Colitis Rats. Neural Plast 2019;2019:2098083.","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2098083"}],"container-title":["Journal of Translational Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jtim-2026-0047\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jtim-2026-0047\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T07:32:28Z","timestamp":1782891148000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jtim-2026-0047\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/jtim-2026-0047"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jtim-2026-0047","relation":{},"ISSN":["2224-4018"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2224-4018","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]}}}