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Because the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) is a measurable factor that affects survival events, this research seeks to validate the potential of the CCI to improve the accuracy of various prediction models. Thus, we employed the Cox proportional hazard model and machine learning methods, including random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM), to model the data of medical records in the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). In total, 8581 individuals were enrolled, of whom 4879 had received RP and 3702 had received RT. Patients in the RT group were older and exhibited higher CCI scores and higher incidences of some CCI items. Moderate-to-severe liver disease, dementia, congestive heart failure, chronic pulmonary disease, and cerebrovascular disease all increase the risk of overall death in the Cox hazard model. The CCI-reinforced SVM and RF models are 85.18% and 81.76% accurate, respectively, whereas the SVM and RF models without the use of the CCI are relatively less accurate, at 75.81% and 74.83%, respectively. Therefore, CCI and some of its items are useful predictors of overall and prostate-cancer-specific survival and could constitute valuable features for machine-learning modeling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2019-0067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,14]],"date-time":"2019-08-14T05:05:07Z","timestamp":1565759107000},"page":"593-606","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Prediction of recurrence-associated death from localized prostate cancer with a charlson comorbidity index\u2013reinforced machine learning model"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yi-Ting","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, St. Joseph Hospital , Yunlin County , 63241 , Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Business Administration, College of Management, Fu Jen Catholic University , New Taipei City 24205 , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael Tian-Shyug","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Business Administration, College of Management, Fu Jen Catholic University , New Taipei City 24205 , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yen-Chun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Business Administration, College of Management, Fu Jen Catholic University , New Taipei City 24205 , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih-Kuang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, St. Joseph Hospital , Yunlin County , 63241 , Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Business Administration, College of Management, Fu Jen Catholic University , New Taipei City 24205 , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Tien","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Business Administration, College of Management, Fu Jen Catholic University , New Taipei City 24205 , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingchih","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Business Administration, College of Management, Fu Jen Catholic University , New Taipei City 24205 , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012107363616715_j_med-2019-0067_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lehto US, Ojanen M, Vakeva A, Dyba T, Aromaa A, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen P. 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