{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T17:05:02Z","timestamp":1788282302239,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Carl Wernicke described the disease bearing his name in 1881 and reported three cases characterized by the presence of mental confusion, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia. Wernicke\u2019s disease is mainly observed in alcoholic patients, due to decreased vitamin intake as a consequence of an unbalanced diet, and a reduction of absorption due to the effects of alcohol. Likewise, inadequate vitamin intake is prevalent in older patients. Wernicke\u2019s encephalopathy due to inappropriate total parenteral nutrition (TPN) occurs infrequently; recently, there is an increase in the literature concerning Wernicke\u2019s encephalopathy in patients after general and bariatric surgeries. We present two cases of Wernicke\u2019s encephalopathy after oncologic gastrointestinal surgery by failure to administer vitamin B1 during TPN; to our knowledge, these are the first two cases of Wernicke\u2019s encephalopathy after colorectal surgery for cancer. In our opinion, timely diagnosis and treatment are mandatory to avoid nonfunctional recovery and consequent malpractice legal actions as well as an increase in the health-care costs correlated with the prolonged hospital stay and with the nonfunctional recovery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2020-0210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]],"date-time":"2020-07-22T12:22:59Z","timestamp":1595420579000},"page":"709-713","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Total parenteral nutrition-induced Wernicke\u2019s encephalopathy after oncologic gastrointestinal surgery"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Piergiorgio","family":"Fedeli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Law - Legal Medicine, University of Camerino , Camerino , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Justin Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Cambridge Colorectal Unit, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust , Cambridge , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Cirocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Science, University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgi","family":"Popivanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Military Medical Academy , Sofia , Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Bruzzone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica \u201cParide Stefanini\u201d, Sapienza Universit\u00e0 di Roma , Rome , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Giustozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Internal Vascular and Emergency Medicine and Stroke Unit, University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_001_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1b1Aa","unstructured":"Wernicke C. Lehrbuch der Gehirnkrankheiten fur Aerzte und Studierende. Bd II. Vol. 2. Kassel: Fischer Verlag; 1881. p. 229\u201342."},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_002_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1b2Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caine D, Halliday GM, Kril JJ, Harper CG. Operational criteria for the classification of chronic alcoholics: identification of Wernicke\u2019s encephalopathy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1997;62(1):51\u201360.","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.62.1.51"},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_003_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1b3Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sechi GP, Serra A. Wernicke\u2019s encephalophaty: new clinical setting and recent advances in diagnosis and management. Lancet Neurol. 2007;6(5):442\u201355.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70104-7"},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_004_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1b4Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harper CG, Giles M, Finlay-Jones R. Clinical signs in the Wernicke\u2013Korsakoff complex: a retrospective analysis of 131 cases diagnosed at necropsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1986;49:341\u20135.","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.49.4.341"},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_005_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1b5Aa","unstructured":"Victor M, Adams RD, Collins GH. The Wernicke\u2013Korsakoff syndrome. Aclinical and pathological study of 245 patients, 82 with post-mortemexaminations. Contemp Neurol Ser. 1971;7:201\u20136."},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_006_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1b6Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Torvik A, Lindboe CF, Rogde S. Brain lesions in alcoholics. A neuropathological study with clinical correlations. J Neurol Sci. 1982;56(2\u20133):233\u201348.","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(82)90145-9"},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_007_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1b7Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harper C, Fornes P, Duyckaerts C, Lecomte D, Hauw JJ. An international perspective on the prevalence of the Wernicke\u2013Korsakoff syndrome. Metab Brain Dis. 1995;10(1):17\u201324.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01991779"},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_008_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1b8Aa","unstructured":"Naidoo DP, Bramdev A, Cooper K. Autopsy prevalence of Wernicke\u2019s encephalopathy in alcohol-related disease. S Afr Med J. 1996;86(9):1110\u20132."},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_009_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1b9Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoffman R. Micronutrient deficiencies in the elderly\u2009\u2013\u2009could ready meals be part of the solution? J Nutr Sci. 2017;6:e2.","DOI":"10.1017\/jns.2016.42"},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_010_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c10Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Falasca K, Di Nicola M, Di Martino G, Ucciferri C, Vignale F, et al. The impact of homocysteine, B(12), and D vitamins levels on functional neurocognitive performance in HIV-positive subjects. BMC Infect Dis. 2019;19(1):105.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-3742-8"},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_011_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c11Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pourhassan M, Angersbach B, Lueg G, Klimek CN, Wirth R. Blood thiamine level and cognitive function in older hospitalized patients. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 2019;32:90\u20136.","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988718819862"},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_012_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c12Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pourhassan M, Biesalski HK, Angersbach B, Lueg G, Klimek C, Wirth R. Prevalence of thiamine deficiency in older hospitalized patients. Clin Interv Aging. 2018;13:2247\u201350.","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S183102"},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_013_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c13Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdalian R, Fernandes G, Duerksen D, Jeejeebhoy KN, Gramlich L, Allard JP. Prescription of trace elements in adults on home parenteral nutrition: current practice based on the Canadian Home Parenteral Nutrition Registry. JPEN J Parenter Enter Nutr. 2013;37(3):410\u20135.","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607112463074"},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_014_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c14Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin J, Mulesa L, Carrilero Rouillet M. Trace elements in parenteral nutrition: considerations for the prescribing clinician. Nutrients. 2017;9:5.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9050440"},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_015_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c15Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harada D, Nakayama M. Influence of glucose dosage in parenteral nutrition on body thiamine levels in rats. Int J Med Sci. 2019;16(1):1\u20137.","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.28756"},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_016_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c16Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schabelman E, Kuo D. Glucose before thiamine for Wernicke encephalopathy: a literature review. J Emerg Med. 2012;42(4):488\u201394.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2011.05.076"},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_017_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c17Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gralak MA, D\u0119bski B, Drywie\u0144 M. Thiamine deficiency affects glucose transport and \u03b2-oxidation in rats. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2019;103(5):1629\u201335.","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13146"},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_018_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c18Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vortmeyer AO, Hagel C, Laas R. Haemorrhagic thiamine deficient encephalopathy following prolonged parenteral nutrition. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1992;55(9):826\u20139.","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.55.9.826"},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_019_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c19Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suzuki Y, Matsuda T, Washio N, Ohtsuka K. Transition from upbeat to downbeat nystagmus observed in a patient with Wernicke\u2019s encephalopathy. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2005;49:220\u20133.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-004-0182-8"},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_020_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c20Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaves LC, Faintuch J, Kahwage S, Alencar Fde A. A cluster of polyneuropathy and Wernicke\u2013Korsakoff syndrome in a bariatric unit. Obes Surg. 2002;12:328\u201334.","DOI":"10.1381\/096089202321088093"},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_021_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c21Aa","unstructured":"Peltier G, Hermreck AS, Moffat RE, Hardin CA, Jewell WR. Complications following gastric bypass procedures for morbid obesity. Surgery. 1979;86:648\u201354."},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_022_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c22Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paulson GW, Martin EW, Mojzisik C, Carey LC. Neurologic complications of gastric partitioning. Arch Neurol. 1985;42:675\u20137.","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1985.04060070065017"},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_023_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c23Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Foster D, Falah M, Kadom N, Mandler R. Wernicke encephalopathy after bariatric surgery: losing more than just weight. Neurology. 2005;65:1947\u201367.","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000188822.86529.f0"},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_024_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c24Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh S, Kumar A. Wernicke encephalopathy after obesity surgery: a systematic review. Neurology. 2007;68(11):807\u201311.","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000256812.29648.86"},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_025_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c25Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aasheim ET. Wernicke encephalopathy after bariatric surgery: a systematic review. Ann Surg. 2008;248:714\u201320.","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181884308"},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_026_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c26Aa","unstructured":"Sequeira Lopes da Silva JT, Almaraz Velarde R, Olgado Ferrero F, P\u00e9rez Civantos D, Ram\u00edrez Moreno JM. Wernicke\u2019s encephalopathy induced by total parental nutrition. Nutr Hosp. 2010;25:1034\u20136."},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_027_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c27Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hahn JS, Berquist W, Alcorn DM, Chamberlain L, Bass D. Wernicke encephalopathy and beriberi during total parenteral nutrition attributable to multivitamin infusion shortage. Pediatrics. 1998;101:10\u201313.","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.101.1.e10"},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_028_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c28Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ak\u00e7aboy ZN, Ya\u011fmurdur H, Baldemir R, Mutlu NM, Dikmen B. Wernicke\u2019s encephalopathy after longterm feeding with parenteral nutrition. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim. 2014;42(2):96\u201399.","DOI":"10.5152\/TJAR.2014.93695"},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_029_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c29Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Francini-Pesenti F, Brocadello F, Manara R, Santelli L, Laroni A. Wernicke\u2019s syndrome during parenteral feeding: not an unusual complication. Nutrition. 2009;25(2):142\u20136.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2008.08.003"},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_030_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c30Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tozzo P, Caenazzo L, Rodriguez D, Bolcato M. Delayed diagnosis of Wernicke encephalopathy with irreversible neural damage after subtotal gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a case of medical liability? Int J Surg Case Rep. 2017;30:76\u201380.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2016.11.058"},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_031_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c31Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomson AD, Cook CC, Touquet R, Henry JA. Royal College of Physicians, London. The Royal College of Physicians report on alcohol: guidelines for managing Wernicke\u2019s encephalopathy in the accident and emergency department. Alcohol Alcohol. 2002;37(6):513\u201321.","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/37.6.513"},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_032_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c32Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Restivo A, Carta MG, Farci AMG, Saiu L, Gessa GL, Agabio R. Risk of thiamine deficiency and Wernicke\u2019s encephalopathy after gastrointestinal surgery for cancer. Support Care Cancer. 2016;24(1):77\u201382.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-015-2748-z"},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_033_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c33Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monden K, Sadamori Ha, Hioki Ma, Ohno S, Rikimaru Mb, Saneto Hc, et al. Wernicke\u2019s encephalopathy after pancreaticoduodenectomy: a case report. Case Rep Clin Nutr. 2019;2:1\u20137.","DOI":"10.1159\/000499035"},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_034_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c34Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim JS, Rho SY, Hwang HK, Lee WJ, Kang CM. A case of Wernicke\u2019s encephalopathy following complicated laparoscopic pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy. Ann Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2019;23(3):295\u20139.","DOI":"10.14701\/ahbps.2019.23.3.295"},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_035_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c35Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tozzo P, Caenazzo L, Rodriguez D, Bolcato M. Delayed diagnosis of Wernicke encephalopathy with irreversible neural damage after subtotal gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a case of medical liability? Int J Surg Case Rep. 2017;30:76\u201380.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2016.11.058"},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_036_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c36Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsao WC, Ro LS, Chen CM, Chang HS, Kuo HC. Non-alcoholic Wernicke\u2019s encephalopathy with cortical involvement and polyneuropathy following gastrectomy [published correction appears in Metab Brain Dis. 2017 Dec;32(6):2163]. Metab Brain Dis. 2017;32(5):1649\u201357.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-017-0055-8"},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_037_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c37Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kilinc O, Caferov K, Koytak PK, Gunal DI, Uluc K. Wernicke\u2019s encephalopathy in two different clinical settings: one after whipple surgery and the other due to alcohol abuse. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2015;27:e71\u2013e72.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.13110354"},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_038_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c38Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Busani S, Bonvecchio C, Gaspari A, et al. Wernicke\u2019s encephalopathy in a malnourished surgical patient: a difficult diagnosis. BMC Res Notes. 2014;7:718.","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-7-718"},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_039_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c39Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karayiannakis AJ, Souftas VD, Bolanaki H, Prassopoulos P, Simopoulos C. Wernicke encephalopathy after pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer. Pancreas. 2011;40(7):1157\u20139.","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0b013e31822182f5"},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_040_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c40Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Onieva-Gonz\u00e1lez FG, Blanco-Fern\u00e1ndez G, Munuera-Romero L, M\u00e1rquez-Rojas J, Robles-Marcos M, Sol\u00f3rzano-Peck G. Wernicke\u2019s encephalopathy after cephalic pancreaticoduodenectomy. Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 2011;103:594\u20136.","DOI":"10.4321\/S1130-01082011001100009"},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_041_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c41Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Attard O, Dietemann JL, Diemunsch P, Pottecher T, Meyer A, Calon BL. Wernicke encephalopathy: a complication of parenteral nutrition diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging. Anesthesiology. 2006;105(4):847\u20138.","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200610000-00032"},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_042_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c42Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iwase K, Higaki J, Yoon HE, Mikata S, Miyazaki M, Kamiike W. Reduced thiamine (vitamin B1) levels following gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer. 2002;5(2):77\u201382.","DOI":"10.1007\/s101200200013"},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_043_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c43Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shimomura T, Mori E, Hirono N, Imamura T, Yamashita H. Development of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome after long intervals following gastrectomy. Arch Neurol. 1998;55(9):1242\u20135.","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.55.9.1242"},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_044_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c44Aa","unstructured":"Arai M, Nara K, Awazu N. Wernicke's encephalopathy developed several years after total gastrectomy. Report of 2 cases. Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 1997;37(11):1027\u201329."},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_045_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c45Aa","unstructured":"Batori M, Ciulli A, Lazzaro M, Casella MC. Wernicke\u2019s encephalopathy post subtotal extended gastrectomy. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 1995;17:81\u201383."},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_046_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c46Aa","unstructured":"Giustozzi GM. La nutrizione parenterale totale in chirurgia. Atti Accademia Anatomico-chirurgica, Universit\u00e0 di Perugia. 1979;70:2\u201310."},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_047_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c47Aa","unstructured":"Cortinovis F, Gatti V, Stroppa C, Taddei B, Taddei GC, Sileo F. Ruolo dello specialista della nutrizione e del farmacista nell\u2019uso corretto di miscele vitaminiche e oligoelementi per la prevenzione delle carenze di micronutrienti nella nutrizione parenterale. Ter nutrizionale e metabolismo. 2012;30(2):90\u201394."},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_048_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c48Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Waddell T, Verheij M, Allum W, Cunningham D, Cervantes A, Arnold D. European society for medical oncology (ESMO); European society of surgical oncology (ESSO); European society of radiotherapy and oncology (ESTRO). Gastric cancer: ESMO\u2013ESSO\u2013ESTRO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2014;40:584\u201391.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2013.09.020"},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_049_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c49Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Japanese Gastric Cancer Association. Japanese gastric cancer treatment guidelines 2010. Gastric Cancer. 2011;14:113\u201323.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10120-011-0042-4"},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_050_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c50Aa","unstructured":"National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines on gastric cancer. Available online at http:\/\/www.nccn.org\/professionals\/physician gls\/fguidelines.asp last accessed 1 December 2019."},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_051_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c51Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galvin R, Br\u00e5then G, Ivashynka A, Hillbom M, et al. EFNS guidelines for diagnosis, therapy and prevention of Wernicke encephalopathy. Eur J Neurol. 2010;17(12):1408\u201318.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.03153.x"},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_052_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c52Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oudman E, Wijnia JW, van Dam M, Biter LU, Postma A. Preventing wernicke encephalopathy after bariatric surgery. Obes Surg. 2018;28(7):2060\u20138.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-018-3262-4"},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_053_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c53Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zafar A. Wernicke\u2019s encephalopathy following roux en Y gastric bypass surgery. Saudi Med J. 2015;36(12):1493\u20135.","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2015.12.12643"},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_054_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c54Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moore CE, Sherman V. Effectiveness of B vitamin supplementation following bariatric surgery: rapid increases of serum vitamin B12. Obes Surg. 2015;25(4):694\u20139.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-014-1441-5"},{"key":"2022052423224785162_j_med-2020-0210_ref_055_w2aab3b7d550b1b6b1ab2b1c55Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaves LC, Faintuch J, Kahwage S, Alencar Fde A. A cluster of polyneuropathy and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome in a bariatric unit. Obes Surg. 2002;12(3):328\u201334.","DOI":"10.1381\/096089202321088093"}],"container-title":["Open Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/view\/journals\/med\/15\/1\/article-p709.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/med-2020-0210\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/med-2020-0210\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]],"date-time":"2022-05-24T23:30:07Z","timestamp":1653435007000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/med-2020-0210\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/med-2020-0210"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/med-2020-0210","relation":{},"ISSN":["2391-5463"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2391-5463","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]}}}