{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T21:42:05Z","timestamp":1768340525279,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,21]],"date-time":"2020-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605916800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aim of this study is to examine the clinical features of patients with Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease (BD) in the presence or absence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This was a retrospective study of 232 consecutive patients with active BD hospitalized between October 2012 and June 2017. LTBI was diagnosed based on the positive T-SPOT.TB assay, negative clinical, and imaging examinations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among the 232 patients, 68 (29.3%) had LTBI. The frequency, number, and scope of oral ulcers in the BD-LTBI group were significantly more serious than in the non-LTBI group (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Genital ulcers and eye involvement in the LTBI group were significantly higher than in the non-LTBI group (both <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). No active TB was diagnosed during follow-up (median, 27.9 months; range, 3\u201358 months). The patients with LTBI had signs of liver damage compared with the non-LTBI group. In the LTBI group, the frequency of alanine transaminase &gt;2.0, the upper limit of normal, was higher in the rifampicin subgroup compared with the non-rifampicin subgroup (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.033).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients with BD and LTBI had worse clinical features than those with BD without LTBI. Rifampicin might be associated with the damage to liver in BD patients combined with latent TB.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2021-0002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]],"date-time":"2020-11-30T20:57:48Z","timestamp":1606769868000},"page":"14-22","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease with latent <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i> infection"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai 200040 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haifen","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai 200040 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai 200040 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianfei","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai 200040 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai 200040 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhijun","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai 200040 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6481-480X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianlong","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai 200040 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yazici Y, Yurdakul S, Yazici H. Behcet\u2019s syndrome. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2010;12(6):429\u201335. 10.1007\/s11926-010-0132-z.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-010-0132-z"},{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nair JR, Moots RJ. Behcet\u2019s disease. Clin Med (Lond). 2017;17(1):71\u20137. 10.7861\/clinmedicine.17-1-71.","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.17-1-71"},{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cho SB, Cho S, Bang D. New insights in the clinical understanding of Behcet\u2019s disease. Yonsei Med J. 2012;53(1):35\u201342. 10.3349\/ymj.2012.53.1.35.","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2012.53.1.35"},{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_004","unstructured":"Mumcu G, Inanc N, Aydin SZ, Ergun T, Direskeneli H. Association of salivary S. mutans colonisation and mannose-binding lectin deficiency with gender in Behcet\u2019s disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2009;27(2 Suppl 53):S32\u20136."},{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim DY, Cho S, Choi MJ, Sohn S, Lee ES, Bang D. Immunopathogenic Role of Herpes Simplex Virus in Behcet\u2019s Disease. Genet Res Int. 2013;2013:638273. 10.1155\/2013\/638273.","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/638273"},{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_006","unstructured":"Zhang L, Xu Y, Peng Y, Yan B, Liu Y. Behcet\u2019s disease-like syndrome secondary to microbial infection: A case report and review of the literature. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2015;8(10):13619\u201324."},{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shinoda K, Hayashi R, Taki H, Hounoki H, Makino T, Nomoto K, et al. Pseudo-Behcet\u2019s disease associated with tuberculosis: A case report and review of the literature. Rheumatol Int. 2014;34(10):1471\u20134. 10.1007\/s00296-014-2998-y.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-014-2998-y"},{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_008","unstructured":"Global Tuberculosis Report 2018. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018."},{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Getahun H, Matteelli A, Chaisson RE, Raviglione M. Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(22):2127\u201335. 10.1056\/NEJMra1405427.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1405427"},{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lobue P, Menzies D. Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection: An update. Respirology. 2010;15(4):603\u201322. 10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2010.01751.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2010.01751.x"},{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Efthimiou J, Hay PE, Spiro SG, Lane DJ. Pulmonary tuberculosis in Behcet\u2019s syndrome. Br J Dis Chest. 1988;82(3):300\u20134.","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-0971(88)90073-3"},{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keane J, Gershon S, Wise RP, Mirabile-Levens E, Kasznica J, Schwieterman WD, et al. Tuberculosis associated with infliximab, a tumor necrosis factor alpha-neutralizing agent. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(15):1098\u2013104. 10.1056\/NEJMoa011110.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011110"},{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_013","unstructured":"Sichletidis L, Settas L, Spyratos D, Chloros D, Patakas D. Tuberculosis in patients receiving anti-TNF agents despite chemoprophylaxis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2006;10(10):1127\u201332."},{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hirano Y, Kojima T, Kanayama Y, Ishikawa H, Ishiguro N. A case of lung tuberculosis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis treated with infliximab after antituberculosis chemoprophylaxis with isoniazid. Mod Rheumatol. 2009;19(3):323\u20138. 10.1007\/s10165-009-0157-1.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10165-009-0157-1"},{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zenner D, Beer N, Harris RJ, Lipman MC, Stagg HR, van der Werf MJ. Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection: An updated network meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2017;167(4):248\u201355. 10.7326\/M17-0609.","DOI":"10.7326\/M17-0609"},{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jagger A, Reiter-Karam S, Hamada Y, Getahun H. National policies on the management of latent tuberculosis infection: Review of 98 countries. Bull World Health Organ. 2018;96(3):173\u201384F. 10.2471\/BLT.17.199414.","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.17.199414"},{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reuben A. Hepatotoxicity of Immunosuppressive Drugs. In: Kaplowitz N, DeLeve LD, editors. Drug-Induced Liver Disease. 3rd edn Dublin: Elsevier; 2013, ch. 31.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-387817-5.00031-5"},{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_018","unstructured":"Hatemi G, Christensen R, Bang D, Bodaghi B, Celik AF, Fortune F, et al. update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of Behcet\u2019s syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018;77(6):808\u201318. 10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-213225."},{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Furin J, Cox H, Pai M. Tuberculosis. Lancet. 2019;393(10181):1642\u201356. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30308-3.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30308-3"},{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nahid P, Dorman SE, Alipanah N, Barry PM, Brozek JL, Cattamanchi A, et al. Official American thoracic society\/centers for disease control and prevention\/infectious diseases society of america clinical practice guidelines: Treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;63(7):e147\u2013e95. 10.1093\/cid\/ciw376.","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw376"},{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramappa V, Aithal GP. Hepatotoxicity related to anti-tuberculosis drugs: Mechanisms and management. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2013;3(1):37\u201349. 10.1016\/j.jceh.2012.12.001.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2012.12.001"},{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Criteria for diagnosis of Behcet\u2019s disease. International study group for Behcet\u2019s disease. Lancet. 1990;335(8697):1078\u201380.","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)92643-V"},{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_023","unstructured":"Namba K, Ueno T, Okita M. Behcet\u2019s disease and streptococcal infection. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 1986;30(4):385\u2013401."},{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan L, Xiao H, Han M, Zhang Q. Diagnostic value of T-SPOT.TB interferon-gamma release assays for active tuberculosis. Exp Ther Med. 2015;10(1):345\u201351. 10.3892\/etm.2015.2463.","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2015.2463"},{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_025","unstructured":"Getahun H, Matteelli A, Abubakar I, Aziz MA, Baddeley A, Barreira D, et al. Management of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: WHO guidelines for low tuberculosis burden countries. Eur Respir J. 2015;46(6):1563\u201376. 10.1183\/13993003.01245-2015."},{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Small PM, Fujiwara PI. Management of tuberculosis in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(3):189\u2013200. 10.1056\/nejm200107193450307.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200107193450307"},{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scrivo R, Sauzullo I, Mengoni F, Iaiani G, Vestri AR, Priori R, et al. Serial interferon-\u03b3 release assays for screening and monitoring of tuberculosis infection during treatment with biologic agents. Clin Rheumatol. 2012;31(11):1567\u201375. 10.1007\/s10067-012-2049-6.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-012-2049-6"},{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00ednguez S, Latorre I, Mateo L, Lacoma A, Diaz J, Oliv\u00e9 A, et al. Interferon-gamma release assays in the detection of latent tuberculosis infection in patients with inflammatory arthritis scheduled for anti-tumour necrosis factor treatment. Clin Rheumatol. 2012;31(5):785\u201394. 10.1007\/s10067-012-1938-z.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-012-1938-z"},{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trajman A, Steffen RE, Menzies D. Interferon-gamma release assays versus tuberculin skin testing for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection: An overview of the evidence. Pulm Med. 2013;2013:601737. 10.1155\/2013\/601737.","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/601737"},{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pai M, Denkinger CM, Kik SV, Rangaka MX, Zwerling A, Oxlade O, et al. Gamma interferon release assays for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2014;27(1):3\u201320. 10.1128\/cmr.00034-13.","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00034-13"},{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pai M, Zwerling A, Menzies D. Systematic review: T-cell-based assays for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection: An update. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149(3):177\u201384. 10.7326\/0003-4819-149-3-200808050-00241.","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-149-3-200808050-00241"},{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sellam J, Hamdi H, Roy C, Baron G, Lemann M, Pu\u00e9chal X, et al. Comparison of in vitro-specific blood tests with tuberculin skin test for diagnosis of latent tuberculosis before anti-TNF therapy. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007;66(12):1610\u20135. 10.1136\/ard.2007.069799.","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.069799"},{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_033","unstructured":"Ponce de Leon D, Acevedo-Vasquez E, Alvizuri S, Gutierrez C, Cucho M, Alfaro J, et al. Comparison of an interferon-gamma assay with tuberculin skin testing for detection of tuberculosis (TB) infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in a TB-endemic population. J Rheumatol. 2008;35(5):776\u201381."},{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matulis G, J\u00fcni P, Villiger PM, Gadola SD. Detection of latent tuberculosis in immunosuppressed patients with autoimmune diseases: Performance of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen-specific interferon gamma assay. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67(1):84\u201390. 10.1136\/ard.2007.070789.","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.070789"},{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vernon A. Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;34(1):67\u201386. 10.1055\/s-0032-1333544.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1333544"},{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen Y, Ma HF, Luo D, Guan JL. The T-SPOT.TB assay used for screening and monitoring of latent tuberculosis infection in patients with Behcet\u2019s disease pre- and post-anti-TNF treatment: A retrospective study. J Chin Med Assoc. 2019;82(5):375\u201380. 10.1097\/jcma.0000000000000071.","DOI":"10.1097\/JCMA.0000000000000071"},{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ai JW, Ruan QL, Liu QH, Zhang WH. Updates on the risk factors for latent tuberculosis reactivation and their managements. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2016;5:e10. 10.1038\/emi.2016.10.","DOI":"10.1038\/emi.2016.10"},{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He D, Bai F, Zhang S, Jiang T, Shen J, Zhu Q, et al. High incidence of tuberculosis infection in rheumatic diseases and impact for chemoprophylactic prevention of tuberculosis activation during biologics therapy. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2013;20(6):842\u20137. 10.1128\/CVI.00049-13.","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00049-13"},{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Solovic I, Sester M, Gomez-Reino JJ, Rieder HL, Ehlers S, Milburn HJ, et al. The risk of tuberculosis related to tumour necrosis factor antagonist therapies: A TBNET consensus statement. Eur Respir J. 2010;36(5):1185\u2013206. 10.1183\/09031936.00028510.","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00028510"},{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mertens M, Singh JA. Anakinra for rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review. J Rheumatol. 2009;36(6):1118\u201325. 10.3899\/jrheum.090074.","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.090074"},{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iannone F, Cantini F, Lapadula G. Diagnosis of latent tuberculosis and prevention of reactivation in rheumatic patients receiving biologic therapy: International recommendations. J Rheumatol Suppl. 2014;91:41\u20136. 10.3899\/jrheum.140101.","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.140101"},{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_042","unstructured":"Kim J, Park JA, Lee EY, Lee YJ, Song YW, Lee EB. Imbalance of Th17 to Th1 cells in Behcet\u2019s disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2010;28(4 Suppl 60):S16\u20139."},{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mourik BC, Lubberts E, de Steenwinkel JEM, Ottenhoff THM, Leenen PJM. Interactions between Type 1 Interferons and the Th17 Response in Tuberculosis: Lessons Learned from Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol. 2017;8:294. 10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00294.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00294"},{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin PL, Flynn JL. Understanding latent tuberculosis: A moving target. J Immunol. 2010;185(1):15\u201322. 10.4049\/jimmunol.0903856.","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903856"},{"key":"2022091918195005175_j_med-2021-0002_ref_045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sterling TR, Villarino ME, Borisov AS, Shang N, Gordin F, Bliven-Sizemore E, et al. Three months of rifapentine and isoniazid for latent tuberculosis infection. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(23):2155\u201366. 10.1056\/NEJMoa1104875.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1104875"}],"container-title":["Open Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/view\/journals\/med\/16\/1\/article-p14.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/med-2021-0002\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/med-2021-0002\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]],"date-time":"2022-09-19T18:21:56Z","timestamp":1663611716000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/med-2021-0002\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,21]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/med-2021-0002"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/med-2021-0002","relation":{},"ISSN":["2391-5463"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2391-5463","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,21]]}}}