{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T05:53:00Z","timestamp":1793425980305,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The delivery mode is one of the factors affecting the type of colonization of the human gut. Gut colonization affects all stages of the human life cycle, and the type of gut microbiome can contribute to immune system function, the development of some diseases, and brain development; and it has a significant impact on a newborn\u2019s growth and development.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Terms defined as MeSH keywords were searched by the databases, and web search engines such as PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, Embase, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched between 2010 and 2020. The quality of each study was assessed according to the Newcastle\u2013Ottawa scale, and seven eligible and high-quality studies were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Finding<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The abundances of <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic> during the first 3 months of life; <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic> during the second 3 months of life; <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic> during the second 6 months of life; and <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Enterobacter<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic> after the first year of life were higher in vaginal delivery-born infants. While infants born by cesarean section (CS) had higher abundances of <jats:italic>Clostridium<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> during the first 3 months of life, <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Clostridium<\/jats:italic> during the second 3 months of life, and <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic> after the first year of life.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Delivery mode can affect the type of the human intestinal microbiota. The CS-born babies had lower colonization rates of <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>, but they had higher colonization rates of <jats:italic>Clostridium<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Enterobacter<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>. Given the effect of microbiota colonization on neonatal health, it is therefore recommended to conduct further studies in order to investigate the effect of the colonization on the delivery mode and on baby\u2019s growth and development.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Application to practice<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate the role of CS in the development of the neonatal gut microbiota.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2021-0270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,10]],"date-time":"2021-04-10T05:11:05Z","timestamp":1618031465000},"page":"624-639","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Role of cesarean section in the development of neonatal gut microbiota: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1827-941X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Negin","family":"Shaterian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, Nursing and Midwifery faculty, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8338-166X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Abdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences , Karaj , Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1511-3772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nooshin","family":"Ghavidel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences , Karaj , Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farzane","family":"Alidost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moya-P\u00e9rez A, Luczynski P, Renes IB, Wang S, Borre Y, Anthony Ryan C, et al. Intervention strategies for cesarean section-induced alterations in the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Nutr Rev. 2017;75(4):225\u201340. 10.1093\/nutrit\/nuw069.","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuw069"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin R, Makino H, Cetinyurek Yavuz A, Ben-Amor K, Roelofs M, Ishikawa E, et al. Early-life events, including mode of delivery and type of feeding, siblings and gender, shape the developing gut microbiota. PLoS One. 2016;11(6):e0158498.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158498"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zijlmans MA, Korpela K, Riksen-Walraven JM, de Vos WM, de Weerth C. Maternal prenatal stress is associated with the infant intestinal microbiota. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2015;53:233\u201345. 10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2015.01.006.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2015.01.006"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matamoros S, Gras-Leguen C, Le Vacon F, Potel G, de La Cochetiere M-F. Development of intestinal microbiota in infants and its impact on health. Trends Microbiol. 2013;21(4):167\u201373. 10.1016\/j.tim.2012.12.001.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2012.12.001"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gregory KE, LaPlante RD, Shan G, Kumar DV, Gregas M. Mode of birth influences preterm infant intestinal colonization with bacteroides over the early neonatal period. Adv Neonatal Care. 2015;15(6):386. 10.1097\/ANC.0000000000000237.","DOI":"10.1097\/ANC.0000000000000237"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jakobsson HE, Abrahamsson TR, Jenmalm MC, Harris K, Quince C, Jernberg C, et al. Decreased gut microbiota diversity, delayed Bacteroidetes colonisation and reduced Th1 responses in infants delivered by caesarean section. Gut. 2014;63(4):559\u201366. 10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-303249.","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-303249"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grzeskowiak L, Collado MC, Mangani C, Maleta K, Laitinen K, Ashorn P, et al. Distinct gut microbiota in southeastern African and northern European infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2012;54(6):812\u20136. 10.1097\/MPG.0b013e318249039c.","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e318249039c"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hill CJ, Lynch DB, Murphy K, Ulaszewska M, Jeffery IB, O\u2019Shea CA, et al. Evolution of gut microbiota composition from birth to 24 weeks in the INFANTMET cohort. Microbiome. 2017;5(1):4. 10.1186\/s40168-016-0213-y.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-017-0240-3"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dogra S, Sakwinska O, Soh S-E, Ngom-Bru C, Br\u00fcck WM, Berger B, et al. Dynamics of infant gut microbiota are influenced by delivery mode and gestational duration and are associated with subsequent adiposity. MBio. 2015;6(1):e02419\u201314. 10.1128\/mBio.02419-14.","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02419-14"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Francino MP. Birth mode-related differences in gut microbiota colonization and immune system development. Ann Nutr Metab. 2018;73(3):12\u20136. 10.1159\/000490842.","DOI":"10.1159\/000490842"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nagpal R, Yamashiro Y. Gut microbiota composition in healthy Japanese infants and young adults born by C-section. Ann Nutr Metab. 2018;73(3):4\u201311. 10.1159\/000490841.","DOI":"10.1159\/000490841"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bokulich NA, Chung J, Battaglia T, Henderson N, Jay M, Li H, et al. Antibiotics, birth mode, and diet shape microbiome maturation during early life. Sci Transl Med. 2016;8(343):343ra82. 10.1126\/scitranslmed.aad7121.","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aad7121"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stokholm J, Thorsen J, Chawes BL, Schj\u00f8rring S, Krogfelt KA, B\u00f8nnelykke K, et al. Cesarean section changes neonatal gut colonization. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;138(3):8819.e2. 10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.01.028.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.01.028"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Biasucci G, Rubini M, Riboni S, Morelli L, Bessi E, Retetangos C. Mode of delivery affects the bacterial community in the newborn gut. Early Hum Dev. 2010;86(1):13\u20135. 10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2010.01.004.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2010.01.004"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ajslev T, Andersen C, Gamborg M, S\u00f8rensen TI, Jess T. Childhood overweight after establishment of the gut microbiota: the role of delivery mode, pre-pregnancy weight and early administration of antibiotics. Int J Obes. 2011;35(4):522\u20139. 10.1038\/ijo.2011.27.","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2011.27"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eggesb\u00f8 M, Moen B, Peddada S, Baird D, Rugtveit J, Midtvedt T, et al. Development of gut microbiota in infants not exposed to medical interventions. Apmis. 2011;119(1):17\u201335. 10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2010.02688.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2010.02688.x"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B\u00e4ckhed F, Roswall J, Peng Y, Feng Q, Jia H, Kovatcheva-Datchary P, et al. Dynamics and stabilization of the human gut microbiome during the first year of life. Cell Host Microbe. 2015;17(5):690\u2013703. 10.1016\/j.chom.2015.04.004.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.04.004"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wampach L, Heintz-Buschart A, Fritz JV, Ramiro-Garcia J, Habier J, Herold M, et al. Birth mode is associated with earliest strain-conferred gut microbiome functions and immunostimulatory potential. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):1\u201314. 10.1038\/s41467-018-07631-x.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07631-x"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_019","unstructured":"Shaterian N, Abdi F. Is cesarean section a safe delivery method to prevent mother to child transmission of SARS-CoV-2? Tehran Univ Med J TUMS Publ. 2020;78(5):337\u20138."},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dominguez-Bello MG, De Jesus-Laboy KM, Shen N, Cox LM, Amir A, Gonzalez A, et al. Partial restoration of the microbiota of cesarean-born infants via vaginal microbial transfer. Nat Med. 2016;22(3):250.","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4039"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez JM, Murphy K, Stanton C, Ross RP, Kober OI, Juge N, et al. The composition of the gut microbiota throughout life, with an emphasis on early life. Microb Ecol Health Dis. 2015;26(1):26050. 10.3402\/mehd.v26.26050.","DOI":"10.3402\/mehd.v26.26050"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Putignani L, Del Chierico F, Petrucca A, Vernocchi P, Dallapiccola B. The human gut microbiota: a dynamic interplay with the host from birth to senescence settled during childhood. Pediatr Res. 2014;76(1):2\u201310. 10.1038\/pr.2014.49.","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2014.49"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rutayisire E, Huang K, Liu Y, Tao F. The mode of delivery affects the diversity and colonization pattern of the gut microbiota during the first year of infants\u2019 life: a systematic review. BMC Gastroenterol. 2016;16(1):86. 10.1186\/s12876-016-0498-0.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-016-0498-0"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Madan JC, Hoen AG, Lundgren SN, Farzan SF, Cottingham KL, Morrison HG, et al. Association of cesarean delivery and formula supplementation with the intestinal microbiome of 6-week-old infants. JAMA Pediatr. 2016;170(3):212\u20139. 10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2015.3732.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2015.3732"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdi F, Roozbeh N, Mortazavian AM. Effects of date palm pollen on fertility: research proposal for a systematic review. BMC Res Notes. 2017;10(1):1\u20134. 10.1186\/s13104-017-2697-3.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-017-2697-3"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_026","unstructured":"Abdi F, Mobedi H, Bayat F, Mosaffa N, Dolatian M, Tehrani FR. The effects of transdermal estrogen delivery on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis. Iran J Pharm Res IJPR. 2017;16(1):380."},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdi F, Mobedi H, Mosaffa N, Dolatian M, Tehrani FR. Hormone therapy for relieving postmenopausal vasomotor symptoms: a systematic review. Arch Iran Med. 2016;19(2):2\u201312.","DOI":"10.3109\/13697137.2016.1164136"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Modesti PA, Reboldi G, Cappuccio FP, Agyemang C, Remuzzi G, Rapi S, et al. Panethnic differences in blood pressure in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2016;11(1):e0147601.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147601"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdi F, Rahnemaei FA, Shojaei P, Afsahi F, Mahmoodi Z. Social determinants of mental health of women living in slum: a systematic review. Korean J Obstet Gynecol. 2021;64(2):143\u201355. 10.5468\/ogs.20264.","DOI":"10.5468\/ogs.20264"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_030","unstructured":"Abdi F, Roozbeh N. The effects of Humulus lupulus L. hops on menopausal vasomotor symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil. 2016;19(26):9\u201317."},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdi F, Mahmoodi Z, Afsahi F, Shaterian N, Rahnemaei FA. Social determinants of domestic violence against suburban women in developing countries: a systematic review. Korean J Obstet Gynecol. 2021;64(2):131\u201342. 10.5468\/ogs.20211.","DOI":"10.5468\/ogs.20211"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee E, Kim B-J, Kang M-J, Choi KY, Cho H-J, Kim Y, et al. Dynamics of gut microbiota according to the delivery mode in healthy Korean infants. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2016;8(5):471\u20137.","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2016.8.5.471"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nagpal R, Tsuji H, Takahashi T, Kawashima K, Nagata S, Nomoto K, et al. Sensitive quantitative analysis of the meconium bacterial microbiota in healthy term infants born vaginally or by cesarean section. Front Microbiol. 2016;7:1997.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01997"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Azad MB, Konya T, Persaud RR, Guttman DS, Chari RS, Field CJ, et al. Impact of maternal intrapartum antibiotics, method of birth and breastfeeding on gut microbiota during the first year of life: a prospective cohort study. BJOG Int J Obstet Gynaecol. 2016;123(6):983\u201393.","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13601"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu D, Yu J, Li L, Ai Q, Feng J, Song C, et al. Bacterial community structure associated with elective cesarean section versus vaginal delivery in Chinese newborns. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2015;60(2):240\u20136.","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000000606"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Azad MB, Konya T, Maughan H, Guttman DS, Field CJ, Chari RS, et al. Gut microbiota of healthy Canadian infants: profiles by mode of delivery and infant diet at 4 months. Cmaj. 2013;185(5):385\u201394.","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.121189"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rahnemaie FS, Zare E, Zaheri F, Abdi F. Effects of complementary medicine on successful breastfeeding and its associated issues in the postpartum period. Iran J Pediatr. 2019;29(1):1\u201310. 10.5812\/ijp.80180.","DOI":"10.5812\/ijp.80180"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yap GC, Chee KK, Hong P-Y, Lay C, Satria CD, Soenarto Y, et al. Evaluation of stool microbiota signatures in two cohorts of Asian (Singapore and Indonesia) newborns at risk of atopy. BMC Microbiol. 2011;11(1):193.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-11-193"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salminen S, Gibson GR, McCartney AL, Isolauri E. Influence of mode of delivery on gut microbiota composition in seven year old children. Gut. 2004;53(9):1388\u20139. 10.1136\/gut.2004.041640.","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.041640"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shao Y, Forster SC, Tsaliki E, Vervier K, Strang A, Simpson N, et al. Stunted microbiota and opportunistic pathogen colonization in caesarean-section birth. Nature. 2019;574(7776):117\u201321.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1560-1"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dominguez-Bello MG, Costello EK, Contreras M, Magris M, Hidalgo G, Fierer N, et al. Delivery mode shapes the acquisition and structure of the initial microbiota across multiple body habitats in newborns. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2010;107(26):11971\u20135. 10.1073\/pnas.1002601107.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1002601107"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Solano-Aguilar G, Fernandez KP, Ets H, Molokin A, Vinyard B, Urban JF, et al. Characterization of fecal microbiota of children with diarrhea in 2 locations in Colombia. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2013;56(5):503\u201311. 10.1097\/MPG.0b013e318282aa12.","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e318282aa12"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Preidis GA, Hill C, Guerrant RL, Ramakrishna B, Tannock GW, Versalovic J. Probiotics, enteric and diarrheal diseases, and global health. Gastroenterology. 2011;140(1):8. 10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.11.010.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.11.010"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yassour M, Vatanen T, Siljander H, H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen A-M, H\u00e4rk\u00f6nen T, Ryh\u00e4nen SJ, et al. Natural history of the infant gut microbiome and impact of antibiotic treatment on bacterial strain diversity and stability. Sci Transl Med. 2016;8(343):343ra81. 10.1126\/scitranslmed.aad0917.","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aad0917"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jansa V, Lagan\u00e0 AS, Ferrari F, Ghezzi F, Burnik Papler T, Vrtacnik Bokal E, et al. Uterine rupture in pregnancy after hysteroscopic septum resection: a 20-year retrospective analysis. Minim Invasive Ther Allied Technol. 2020;1\u20138. 10.1080\/13645706.2020.1837884.","DOI":"10.1080\/13645706.2020.1837884"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Franchi M, Raffaelli R, Baggio S, Scollo M, Garzon S, Lagan\u00e0 AS, et al. Unintentional transvesical caesarean section: incidence, risk factors, surgical technique and post-operative management. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2019;236:26\u201331. 10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.02.023.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.02.023"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dethlefsen L, Huse S, Sogin ML, Relman DA. The pervasive effects of an antibiotic on the human gut microbiota, as revealed by deep 16S rRNA sequencing. PLoS Biol. 2008;6(11):e280.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0060280"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adlerberth I, Strachan DP, Matricardi PM, Ahrn\u00e9 S, Orfei L, \u00c5berg N, et al. Gut microbiota and development of atopic eczema in 3 European birth cohorts. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;120(2):343\u201350. 10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.05.018.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.05.018"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vaishampayan PA, Kuehl JV, Froula JL, Morgan JL, Ochman H, Francino MP. Comparative metagenomics and population dynamics of the gut microbiota in mother and infant. Gen Biol Evol. 2010;2:53\u201366. 10.1093\/gbe\/evp057.","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evp057"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Penders J, Thijs C, Vink C, Stelma FF, Snijders B, Kummeling I, et al. Factors influencing the composition of the intestinal microbiota in early infancy. Pediatrics. 2006;118(2):511\u201321. 10.1542\/peds.2005-2824.","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2824"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Underwood MA, German JB, Lebrilla CB, Mills DA. Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis: champion colonizer of the infant gut. Pediatr Res. 2015;77(1\u20132):229\u201335. 10.1038\/pr.2014.156.","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2014.156"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn R, Langa S, Reviriego C, Jim\u00ednez E, Mar\u00edn ML, Xaus J, et al. Human milk is a source of lactic acid bacteria for the infant gut. J Pediatr. 2003;143(6):754\u20138. 10.1016\/j.jpeds.2003.09.028.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2003.09.028"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bezirtzoglou E, Tsiotsias A, Welling GW. Microbiota profile in feces of breast-and formula-fed newborns by using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Anaerobe. 2011;17(6):478\u201382. 10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2011.03.009.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2011.03.009"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Penders J, Vink C, Driessen C, London N, Thijs C, Stobberingh EE. Quantification of Bifidobacterium spp., Escherichia coli and Clostridium difficile in faecal samples of breast-fed and formula-fed infants by real-time PCR. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2005;243(1):141\u20137. 10.1016\/j.femsle.2004.11.052.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsle.2004.11.052"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bergstr\u00f6m A, Skov TH, Bahl MI, Roager HM, Christensen LB, Ejlerskov KT, et al. Establishment of intestinal microbiota during early life: a longitudinal, explorative study of a large cohort of Danish infants. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2014;80(9):2889\u2013900. 10.1128\/AEM.00342-14.","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00342-14"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gritz EC, Bhandari V. The human neonatal gut microbiome: a brief review. Front Pediatr. 2015;3:17. 10.3389\/fped.2015.00017.","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2015.00017"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Madan JC, Salari RC, Saxena D, Davidson L, O\u2019Toole GA, Moore JH, et al. Gut microbial colonisation in premature neonates predicts neonatal sepsis. Arch Dis Childhood-Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2012;97(6):F456\u201362. 10.1136\/fetalneonatal-2011-301373.","DOI":"10.1136\/fetalneonatal-2011-301373"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ardissone AN, Diomel M, Davis-Richardson AG, Rechcigl KT, Li N, Drew JC, et al. Meconium microbiome analysis identifies bacteria correlated with premature birth. PLoS One. 2014;9(3):e90784.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090784"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aagaard K, Ma J, Antony KM, Ganu R, Petrosino J, Versalovic J. The placenta harbors a unique microbiome. Sci Transl Med. 2014;6(237):237ra65. 10.1126\/scitranslmed.3008599.","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3008599"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adlerberth I, Wold A. Establishment of the gut microbiota in Western infants. Acta Paediatr. 2009;98(2):229\u201338. 10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2008.01060.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2008.01060.x"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scholtens PA, Oozeer R, Martin R, Amor KB, Knol J. The early settlers: intestinal microbiology in early life. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol. 2012;3:425\u201347. 10.1146\/annurev-food-022811-101120.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-food-022811-101120"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stewart CJ, Marrs EC, Nelson A, Lanyon C, Perry JD, Embleton ND, et al. Development of the preterm gut microbiome in twins at risk of necrotising enterocolitis and sepsis. PLoS One. 2013;8(8):e73465.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0073465"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berrington JE, Stewart CJ, Embleton ND, Cummings SP. Gut microbiota in preterm infants: assessment and relevance to health and disease. Arch Dis Childhood-Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2013;98(4):F286\u201390. 10.1136\/archdischild-2012-302134.","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2012-302134"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arboleya S, Binetti A, Salazar N, Fern\u00e1ndez N, Sol\u00eds G, Hernandez-Barranco A, et al. Establishment and development of intestinal microbiota in preterm neonates. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2012;79(3):763\u201372. 10.1111\/j.1574-6941.2011.01261.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.2011.01261.x"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ciancimino L, Lagan\u00e0 AS, Chiofalo B, Granese R, Grasso R, Triolo O. Would it be too late? A retrospective case\u2013control analysis to evaluate maternal\u2013fetal outcomes in advanced maternal age. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2014;290(6):1109\u201314. 10.1007\/s00404-014-3367-5.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-014-3367-5"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wan Y, Jiang J, Lu M, Tong W, Zhou R, Li J, et al. Human milk microbiota development during lactation and its relation to maternal geographic location and gestational hypertensive status. Gut Microbes. 2020;11(5):1438\u201349. 10.1080\/19490976.2020.1760711.","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1760711"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guarner F, Malagelada J-R. Gut flora in health and disease. Lancet. 2003;361(9356):512\u20139. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12489-0.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12489-0"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang I, Corwin EJ, Brennan PA, Jordan S, Murphy JR, Dunlop A. The infant microbiome: implications for infant health and neurocognitive development. Nurs Res. 2016;65(1):76. 10.1097\/NNR.0000000000000133.","DOI":"10.1097\/NNR.0000000000000133"},{"key":"2022091918191489768_j_med-2021-0270_ref_069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maynard CL, Elson CO, Hatton RD, Weaver CT. Reciprocal interactions of the intestinal microbiota and immune system. Nature. 2012;489(7415):231\u201341.","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11551"}],"container-title":["Open Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/med-2021-0270\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/med-2021-0270\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]],"date-time":"2022-09-19T18:29:46Z","timestamp":1663612186000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/med-2021-0270\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/med-2021-0270"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/med-2021-0270","relation":{},"ISSN":["2391-5463"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2391-5463","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]}}}