{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T23:35:05Z","timestamp":1787960105897,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Both linezolid and vancomycin have good efficacy in the treatment of resistant Gram-positive bacterial infections. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of linezolid vs vancomycin for the treatment of resistant Gram-positive bacterial infections in children under 12 years.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Five randomly controlled trials involving 638 children that were treated with linezolid and vancomycin for resistant Gram-positive bacterial infections were searched from medical databases. Meta-analysis showed that linezolid and vancomycin had equivalent efficacies in clinical cure rates in the intent-to-treat population (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.88, 2.09) and microbiologically evaluable patients (95% CI: 0.46, 2.47). Linezolid and vancomycin also had equivalent pathogen eradication rates for <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (95% CI: 0.31, 4.81), methicillin-resistant <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> (95% CI: 0.36, 5.34), <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic> (95% CI: 0.32, 8.76), and coagulase-negative <jats:italic>Staphylococci<\/jats:italic> (95% CI: 0.43, 4.01). Vancomycin resulted in a higher incidence of alanine aminotransferase increase (95% CI: 0.37, 0.97), red man syndrome (95% CI: 0.01, 0.28), and rash (95% CI: 0.11, 0.73) than linezolid. Clinically, linezolid had a superior safety to vancomycin for resistant Gram-positive infections.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Linezolid might be prescribed for the treatment of resistant Gram-positive bacterial infections in children under 12 years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2022-0440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T15:48:47Z","timestamp":1653580127000},"page":"969-977","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Linezolid for resistant Gram-positive bacterial infections in children under 12 years: A meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Qian","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People\u2019s Hospital of Quzhou , Quzhou 324000 , Zhejiang Province , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohua","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People\u2019s Hospital of Quzhou , Quzhou 324000 , Zhejiang Province , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingqing","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People\u2019s Hospital of Quzhou , Quzhou 324000 , Zhejiang Province , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianyang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People\u2019s Hospital of Quzhou , Quzhou 324000 , Zhejiang Province , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022120618373721397_j_med-2022-0440_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jantausch B, Deville J, Adler S, Morfin M, Lopez P, Edge-Padbury B, et al. Linezolid for the treatment of children with bacteremia or nosocomial pneumonia caused by resistant gram-positive bacterial pathogens. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2003;22(9 Suppl):164\u201371. 10.1097\/01.inf.0000086956.45566.55.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000086956.45566.55"},{"key":"2022120618373721397_j_med-2022-0440_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaplan S, Deville J, Yogev R, Morfin M, Wu E, Alder S, et al. Linezolid versus vancomycin for treatment of resistant Gram-positive infections in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2003;22(8):677\u201386. 10.1097\/01.inf.0000078160.29072.42.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000078160.29072.42"},{"key":"2022120618373721397_j_med-2022-0440_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deville J, Adler S, Azimi P, Jantausch B, Morfin M, Beltran S, et al. Linezolid versus vancomycin in the treatment of known or suspected resistant gram-positive infections in neonates. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2003;22(9 Suppl):S158\u2013S63. 10.1097\/01.inf.0000086955.93702.c7.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000086955.93702.c7"},{"key":"2022120618373721397_j_med-2022-0440_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaplan S, Afghani B, Lopez P, Wu E, Fleishaker D, Edge-Padbury B, et al. Linezolid for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2003;22(9 Suppl):S178\u2013S85. 10.1097\/01.inf.0000087020.75886.93.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000087020.75886.93"},{"key":"2022120618373721397_j_med-2022-0440_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacqz-Aigrain E, Zhao W, Sharland M, van den Anker JN. Use of antibacterial agents in the neonate: 50 years of experience with vancomycin administration. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2013;18(1):28\u201334.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2012.10.003"},{"key":"2022120618373721397_j_med-2022-0440_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Linder N, Lubin D, Hernandez A, Amit L, Ashkenazi S. Duration of vancomycin treatment for coagulase-negative Staphylococcus sepsis in very low birth weight infants. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2013;76(1):58\u201364.","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12053"},{"key":"2022120618373721397_j_med-2022-0440_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dawoud TH, Khan N, Afzal U, Varghese N, Rahmani A, Abu S, et al. Assessment of initial vancomycin trough levels and risk factors of vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity in neonates. Eur J Hosp Pharm. 2022;29:44\u20139. 10.1136\/ejhpharm-2019-002181.","DOI":"10.1136\/ejhpharm-2019-002181"},{"key":"2022120618373721397_j_med-2022-0440_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martini S, Alessandroni R, Arcuri S, Faldella G. Vancomycin-induced red man syndrome presentation in a preterm infant. Pediatr Dermatol. 2018;35(6):e408\u20139.","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.13654"},{"key":"2022120618373721397_j_med-2022-0440_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hashemian S, Farhadi T, Ganjparvar M. Linezolid: a review of its properties, function, and use in critical care. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2018;12:1759\u201367. 10.147\/DDDT.S164515.","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S164515"},{"key":"2022120618373721397_j_med-2022-0440_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zahedi-Bialvaei A, Rahbar M, Yousefi M, Asgharzadeh M, Samadi-Kafil H. Linezolid: a promising option in the treatment of Gram-positives. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2017;72(2):354\u201364. 10.1093\/jac\/dkw450.","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw450"},{"key":"2022120618373721397_j_med-2022-0440_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meissner H, Townsend T, Wenman W, Kaplan S, Morfin M, Edge-Padbury B, et al. Hematologic effects of linezolid in young children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2003;22(9 Suppl):S186\u201392. 10.1097\/01.inf.0000087021.20838.d9.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000087021.20838.d9"},{"key":"2022120618373721397_j_med-2022-0440_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shibata Y, Yamagishi Y, Mikamo H, Kato H, Nishiyama N, Asai N, et al. Comparative study on safety of linezolid and vancomycin in the treatment of infants and neonates for Gram-positive bacterial infections. J Infect Chemother. 2018;27(9):695\u2013701. 10.1016\/j.jiac.2018.04.006.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2018.04.006"},{"key":"2022120618373721397_j_med-2022-0440_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bayram N, D\u00fczg\u00f6l M, Kara A, \u00d6zdemir F, Devrim \u0130. Linezolid-related adverse effects in clinical practice in children. Arch Argent Pediatr. 2017;115(5):470\u20135.","DOI":"10.5546\/aap.2017.eng.470"},{"key":"2022120618373721397_j_med-2022-0440_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ioannidou M, Apostolidou-Kiouti F, Haidich A, Niopas I, Roilides E. Efficacy and safety of linezolid for the treatment of infections in children: a meta-analysis. Eur J Pediatr. 2014;173(9):1179\u201386. 10.007\/s00431-014-2307-5.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-014-2307-5"},{"key":"2022120618373721397_j_med-2022-0440_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Itani KMF, Dryden MS, Bhattacharyya H, Kunkel MJ, Baruch AM, Weigelt JA. Efficacy and safety of linezolid versus vancomycin for the treatment of complicated skin and soft-tissue infections proven to be caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Am J Surg. 2010;199(6):810\u20136. 10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2009.08.045.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2009.08.045"},{"key":"2022120618373721397_j_med-2022-0440_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang B, Cai Y, Chen M-L, Bai N, Yu X-H, Wang R. Linezolid versus vancomycin for the treatment of gram-positive bacterial infections: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2010;35(1):3\u201312. 10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2009.09.013.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2009.09.013"},{"key":"2022120618373721397_j_med-2022-0440_ref_017","unstructured":"Zhang W, Xu N, Bai T, Huang Z-H, Lv J, Wu W-J, et al. Efficacy and safety of linezolid versus vancomycin for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-related pneumonia: updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2019;12(4):3185\u2013200."},{"key":"2022120618373721397_j_med-2022-0440_ref_018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman D. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Rev Esp Nutr Huma Diet. 2009;18(3):e123.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097"},{"key":"2022120618373721397_j_med-2022-0440_ref_019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dersimonian R, Nan L. Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Controll Clin Trials. 1986;7(3):177\u201388.","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2"},{"key":"2022120618373721397_j_med-2022-0440_ref_020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jadad AR, Moore RA, Carroll D, Jenkinson C, Reynolds DJM, Gavaghan DJ, et al. Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary? Controll Clin Trials. 1996;17(1):1\u201312.","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(95)00134-4"},{"key":"2022120618373721397_j_med-2022-0440_ref_021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacqueline C, Broquet A, Roquilly A, Davieau M, Caillon J, Altare F, et al. Linezolid dampens neutrophil-mediated inflammation in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-induced pneumonia and protects the lung of associated damages. J Infect Dis. 2014;210(5):814\u201323. 10.1093\/infdis\/jiu145.","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu145"},{"key":"2022120618373721397_j_med-2022-0440_ref_022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Rensburg L, van Zyl J, Smith J. Deposition and transport of linezolid mediated by a synthetic surfactant Synsurf\u00ae within a pressurized metered dose inhaler: a Calu-3 model. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2018;12:1107\u201318. 10.2147\/DDDT.S147035.","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S147035"},{"key":"2022120618373721397_j_med-2022-0440_ref_023","unstructured":"Li J, Zhao Q-H, Huang K-C, Zhang L-Y, Yin D-Y, Pan F, et al. Linezolid vs vancomycin in treatment of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infections: a meta-analysis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2017;21(17):3974\u20139."},{"key":"2022120618373721397_j_med-2022-0440_ref_024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garazzino S, Tovo P. Clinical experience with linezolid in infants and children. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011;66(4s):iv23\u201341. 10.1093\/jac\/dkr074.","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr074"},{"key":"2022120618373721397_j_med-2022-0440_ref_025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"An D, Mi YL, Jeong TD, Sung H, Kim MN, Hong SB. Co-emergence of linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium in a patient with methicillin-resistant S. aureus pneumonic sepsis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2011;69(2):232\u20133. 10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2010.09.002.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2010.09.002"},{"key":"2022120618373721397_j_med-2022-0440_ref_026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Besier S, Ludwig A, Zander J, Brade V, Wichelhaus TA. Linezolid resistance in Staphylococcus aureus: gene dosage effect, stability, fitness costs, and cross-resistances. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008;52(4):1570\u20132.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01098-07"},{"key":"2022120618373721397_j_med-2022-0440_ref_027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Toh S, Xiong L, Arias C, Villegas M, Lolans K, Quinn J, et al. Acquisition of a natural resistance gene renders a clinical strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus resistant to the synthetic antibiotic linezolid. Mol Microbiol. 2007;64(6):1506\u201314. 10.111\/j.365-2958.007.05744.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2007.05744.x"},{"key":"2022120618373721397_j_med-2022-0440_ref_028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsiodras S, Gold HS, Sakoulas G, Eliopoulos GM, Wennersten C, Venkataraman L, et al. Linezolid resistance in a clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureus. Lancet. 2001;358(9277):207\u20138.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)05410-1"},{"key":"2022120618373721397_j_med-2022-0440_ref_029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez-Garc\u00eda M, De la Torre M, Morales G, Pel\u00e1ez B, Tol\u00f3n M, Domingo S, et al. Clinical outbreak of linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an intensive care unit. JAMA. 2010;303(22):2260\u20134. 10.1001\/jama.2010.757.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.757"}],"container-title":["Open Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/med-2022-0440\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/med-2022-0440\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T22:46:41Z","timestamp":1670366801000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/med-2022-0440\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/med-2022-0440"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/med-2022-0440","relation":{},"ISSN":["2391-5463"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2391-5463","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]}}}